Muscles
What are the origins, insertions, innervation, and action of the psoas major muscle?
O: bodies of lumbar vertebrae, lumbar intervertebral discs, and lumbar transverse processes
I: lesser trochanter
N: ventral rami
A: flexes hip
What is the labrum?
-fibrocartilage attached to the rim of the acetabulum
-deepens joint
-continues across acetabular notch as transverse acetabular ligament
What are the the parts of the hip bone?
-ilieum
-ischium
-pubis
Why is hip pain sometimes perceived in the knee?
-referred pain
-find out about a hip problem from a knee problem
What are the pelvic floor musles? pelvic side wall muscles?
-levator ani= pubococcygeus, iliococcygeus, coccygeus
-obturator internus and piriformis
What are the origins, insertions, innervation, and actions of the gluteus medius muscle?
O: ilium b/w anterior and posterior gluteal lines, overlying deep fascia
I: greater trochanter
N: superior gluteal nerve
A: hip abduction, hip internal rotation (anterior fibers), and hip external rotation (posterior fibers)
What is the iliofemoral ligament?
-"Y" ligament
-largest and strongest
-anterior to joint from AIIS, body of ileum, acetabular margin to intertrochanteric line and greater trochanter
-resists hyperextension
-reinforces capsule
What is the angle of the femoral neck in the hip joint? What is it called if that angle were smaller? larger?
-125 degrees
-coxa vara/varus (<125 degrees)
-coxa valga/valgus (>125 degrees)
What area does the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh supply?
cutaneous innervation to posterior thigh
What is the pelvic outlet?
-lower opening of the pelvis
-bounded by sacrum, coccyx, ischial tuberosities, and pubic symphysis
-closed by pelvic diaphragm
What are the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the piriformis muscle?
O: the pelvic surface of the sacrum
I: greater trochanter
N: S1 and S2 in pelvis
A: hip external rotation
What is the pubofemoral ligament?
-anterior from pubic portion of acetabulum
-blends w/ medial part of iliofemoral ligament
-limits abduction
What are the three gluteal lines?
-posterior, anterior, and inferior
What are the spinal nerves that make up the sciatic nerve? Which muscle does it exit under?
-L4, L5, S1, S2, S3
-piriformis
What is the function of the pelvic diaphragm?
supports the pelvic viscera
What are the origin, insertion, innervation, and actions for the iliacus muscle?
O: iliac fossa
I: lesser trochanter
N: femoral nerve
A: flexes hip
What is the ischiofemoral ligament?
-from ischial portion of acetabular rim (posterior)
-spirals superior/anteriorly to neck of femur medial to greater trochanter
-limits extension and internal rotation
What type of joint is the hip?
ball and socket
What are the spinal nerves that make up the superior gluteal nerve? What does the nerve innervate? Where does it appear?
- L4, L5, S1
-gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia lata
-above piriformis
What anchors the spinal cord superiorly, inferiorly, and laterally?
S- attachment to medulla and continuation of spinal cord dura with brain dura
I: attachment to coccyx via filum terminal internum and externum
L: denticulate ligaments to dura and dural sleeves over roots
What are the origin, insertion, innervation, and action of the quadratus femoris?
O: ischial tuberosity
I: femur on line vertically distal to intertrochanteric crest
N: nerve to inferior gemellus and quadratus femoris
A: hip external rotation
What is the ligamentum teres?
-from acetabular fossa to fovea of femur
-surrounded by synovial membrane
-artery travels in it to head of femur
What are the three ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?
-interosseus ligament
-posterior sacroiliac ligament
-anterior sacroiliac ligament
What are the spinal nerves that make up the inferior gluteal nerve? What does the nerve innervate? Where does it appear?
-L5, S1, S2
-gluteus maximus
-exits greater sciatic foramen, below pirifomis
What is the subarachnoid space? what is in the subarachnoid space?
-space between arachnoid and pia mater
-cerebrospinal fluid