Show:
Nutrient cycles
Livestock GHG
What's that Smell??
Eutrophication
Misc.
100
the function that diazotrophs perform
nitrogen fixation
100

Cattle have high ______ methane emissions, while pigs have high ______ methane emissions

enteric, manure

100
CAFO
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation
100
Which livestock species are the main contributors of P? Why?
Monogastrics (pigs and poultry)

do not produce phytase

100
What are the 4 Indian Act Policies that sabotaged the success of First Nations farming operations?
Severalty, Peasant Farming, Permit System, Pass System
200
the growth limiting nutrient in terrestrial ecosystems 
nitrogen


200
if animal production was removed from the system, overall food production would increase by ____%
23
200
Define ILO
Intensive Livestock Operation

space per animal less than 370 m2 (400ft2)

200
Define Trophic State Index

How is it measured?

total weight of biomass in a given water body at the time of measurement

Carlson's --> uses algal biomass as indicator

-chlorophyll pigments

-phosphorus

-Secchi depth (water transparency)

200
When were the coldest years of the Little Ice Age?
1550-1850
300
The limiting nutrient in surface freshwater systems
phosphorus
300
how is nitrous oxide formed from manure?
incomplete process of nitrification and denitrification
300
What is TOEF?
Total Odor Emissions Factor: a series of steps used to estimate odor emissions from the farm site
300
Define cumulative effects
changes to the biophysical, social, economic, and cultural environments caused by the combination of past, present, and reasonably forseeable future actions
300
Define climate
statistical weather information that describes the variation of weather at a given place for a specified interval
400
the process of turning organic nitrogen into NH4+
mineralisation
400
____% of anthropogenic GHG are from livestock production
14.5
400
Name the three types of thermal conversion and what they do
Direct Combustion: burning with excess air to produce heat


Pyrolysis: thermal treatment in the absence of air, resulting in pyrolysis oil and a low BTU gas

Gasification: thermal treatment at high temperatures in an oxygen restricted environment to produce a low-medium BTU gas

400

Why is eutrophication bad?

-disrupts normal ecosystem function due to lack of O2

-toxic effects --> methemoglobinemia, abortion, stomach cancers

-biodilution due to decreased algal uptake

-nutrients taken up by algae converted to inorganic form by bacteria and sink to the bottom of the water where light cannot penetrate (unavailable)

400
Compare and contrast skeptics and deniers

both do not believe in anthropogenic climate change

skeptics acknowledge scientific evidence but thoughtfully maintain doubt based on small evidence/logic

deniers ignore the scientific evidence and/or distort/lie about the science; demonstrate no understanding of the science

500
___% of Haber-Bosch nitrogen enters the human mouth (if vegetarian)

___% does if animal production is considered

14%

4%

500
List some ways to reduce GHG emissions from livestock

-genetic selection

-replace barley silage with corn silage

-increase concentrate/grain

-add lipids to diet (esp unsaturated plant oils)

-feed coproducts

-add enzymes to diet

-rumen modifers/ionophores

-defaunation

-feed processing

500
Compare and Contrast BOD and COD
Both are indirect measurements of water quality


BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) measures how fast biological organisms use up oxygen in a body of water

COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) measures the amount of organic compounds in water (organic pollutants) and is expressed in mg/L

500
What are the two main factors contributing to the large algal blooms in Lake Winnipeg?
-increased livestock production, human waste, and synthetic fertilizer

-increased frequency and intensity of spring floods

500
Name all 4 precautionary principles and define them

Non-preclusion PP

Margin of Safety PP

BAT PP

Prohibitory PP