Development of Civilization
What did the Nile provide for their civilization?
a source of water and food, the cataracts (allowed for the development of trade settlements), transportation
How was the Nile helpful?
It was a means for the people to get water and food, the cataracts allowed for the development of trade settlements, and acted as a form of transportation
Who was Howard Carter?
He was an archaeologist who discovered and cataloged King Tut's tomb.
This was the period of "the Age of Pyramids."
Old Kingdom
This was worn to ward off evil spirits by both men and women.
amulet
Which barriers helped prevent invasions?
the cataracts of the Nile and the Sahara Desert
What did the floodwaters of the Nile carry?
silt to help fertilize the soil
Who was Hatshepsut? Who was Thutmose III?
Queen of Egypt who ruled during the New Kingdom and crowned herself as Egyptian pharaoh to gain more control
He was the pharaoh after Hatshepsut died.
There mainly were peace and stability at this time.
Middle Kingdom
Christians refer to the Bible. Egyptians refer to the _______________________.
Book of the Dead
the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea
What is the fertile piece of land that has a triangular shape at the mouth of the Nile?
delta
Who was Jean-Francois Champollion?
He was an Egyptologist who translated the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone.
Which period did the Egyptians enslave the Israelities?
New Kingdom
Who were Osiris and Anubis?
Osiris: the god of the underworld who presided when the Egyptians who died traveled by boat to the Hall of Judgment
Anubis: the jackal-headed god who weighed the dead person's heart against the Feather of Truth
How did God help the Israelites and the civilizations?
1. God gave Joseph the interpretation of Pharaoh's dream.
2. He had the pharaoh sell food to the Egyptians, the Israelites and others.
3. He had the pharaoh put Joseph in charge of food storage during the years they had plenty of food.
What was a shadoof?
a device that was used to get water out of the Nile
Who was Akhenaten?
He was a pharaoh during the New Kingdom whose name used to be Amenhotep IV.
He only believed in one god: Aten.
What were some buildings that were constructed during the Middle Kingdom?
temples, pyramids, palaces and other buildings
At the very top of the social pyramid, we have the pharaoh. List two groups of people in the three levels below.
At the very bottom: farmers, merchants, servants and slaves
Second to last: priests, soldiers, scribes, artisans
Below the very top: nobles, generals, and viziers
How were the taxes enforced?
percentages of crops, livestock and land
What was a nilometer?
a tool used to measure the Nile's water levels
Who was Ramses?
He was a pharaoh during the New Kingdom; he kept the empire strong and was known as Ramses the Great.
Compare the pyramids that were built during the Middle and Old Kingdoms.
Middle Kingdom's pyramids were smaller and less grand, mainly used mud bricks.
Old Kingdom's pyramids were bigger and made using stones.
The _______________ had to awaken and take care of the idol _______________.
pharaoh
Horus