Dating Techniques #1
What is stratigraphy?
Using layers in the ground to figure out the age of something.
What is the technique called where you use long cylinders of ice to learn about the past?
Ice core sampling
Who was the most important god?
Ra (sometimes called Re) - the Sun God
How long is a body left covered in salt for?
70 days
What is a pharaoh?
The head of Egyptian society
Name and explain the techniques used to tell the age of a tree.
Using dendrechronology (tree ring dating), count the rings that form each year of life.
Name 3 scientific techniques used to date objects/things.
Any 3:
Floutrine dating
Stratigraphy
Radio Carbon dating
Denrechronology
DNA analysis
Ice core sampling
Palynology
Egyptians believed that one group of gods created the world and it's living things. What did the other group of gods do?
Controlled the forces of nature
What is the salt called that the bodies were covered with?
Natron
What was the of vizier?
Second in command to the Pharoah, main advisor, judge for law breakers
Name two relative dating techniques.
Stratigraphy, flourine dating
What is the most accurate form of dating things that were once living?
Radiocarbon dating
Name two ways ordinary people tried to keep evil spirits away.
Made shrines in their homes
Prayers
Played instruments e.g. sistra
Amulets to attract the protection of the gods
Name 3 items were put into the pyramids/tomb?
Clothing, jewellery, pots, furniture, wigs, tools, chariots, boats, food
Describe how someone like a merchant could improve their position in society.
The key to improving status was education. By learning to read or write they could move up the hierarchy.
What is absolute dating? Give an example of an absolute dating technique.
A technique that allows you to get a precise age of an object (in years).
E.g. Radiocarbon dating, dendrechronology
What is relative dating?
Methods that can determine the age of an object when compared to another object
What did Egyptians do if their cat died?
The owners shaved off their eyebrows.
Which organ was not taken out of the body and why?
Heart
heart held the soul
What is the ancient Egyptian hierarchy (top to bottom)?
Pharoah, Vizer, Chief preist/Noble/Priestess, Scribes/Soldiers, Merchants, Farmers/Slaves
What is flourine dating?
Bones can be dated using this. Bones absorb chemicals through soil. The longer immersed the more flourine absirbed.
What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source?
Primary source - something created during the time period being studied.
e.g. a newspaper article written during WW2
Secondary source - something that is about the time period being studied but was not created at that time
e.g. a newspaper article written in 2020 about WW2
What are two things about Ancient Egyptian life that support the belief that they had a strong religious/belief system?
Any two from below:
- nearly everything was believed to be controlled by the gods/goddesses
- beliefs greatly influenced how they lived, what they built, and how they fought
-beliefs were evident in the way they dealt with death and how they prepared for it
- many temples were built
- priests and priestesses made offerings and held festivals to honour the gods
-everyday people had shrines, amulets etc
Describe the process of mummification.
Body Washed/Prayers from the Book of the Dead read
Vital organs removed
Organs dried and stored in jars
Body covered in salt for 70days
Body washed and fragrant oils applied
Wrapped in linen and then covered in resin
Explain why most scribes in Ancient Egypt were men.
Men usually followed in father's path and did the same job.
While women were allowed to be educated this was less common.
many women were usually taught skills by their mothers, rather than going to formal education.