The Nile River
dangerous, fast-moving river waters formed by steep cliffs and large boulders
not cataracts
a belief in more then one god
Polytheism
The people of Ancient Egypt believed their pharaoh was a _____ on Earth. The pharaoh was thought to be the son of Re (RAY), the Egyptian sun God.
God
The ________ and their family held the highest social position in Egypt
pharaoh
the process of treating a body to prevent it from decaying; this is part of the mummification process
embalming
a bucket attached to a long pole that lifts water from the Nile and empties it into basins
shadoof
A government in which the same person is both the political leader and the military leader is called a ____________. Ancient Egypt had this type of government. That person was the pharaoh.
theocracy
this Pharaoh expanded Egypt's empire through trade and was one of the few women to rule Egypt
Hatshepsut
The largest Egyptian social class (and the one with the least power) included __________, __________, and ____________.
farmers, workers, and enslaved people
the word for the great tombs built for pharaohs. These tombs were enormous, made of stone, and covered the area of several city blocks
pyramids
the reed plant that grew plentifully along the Nile River and was used to MANY useful items
papyrus
Fill in the blank:
As the centuries passed, Egyptians came to believe that the ________ was not only for pharaohs. All people---rich and poor--- could hope for eternal life with teh help of the God Osiris.
afterlife
This pharoah was Hatshepsut's nephew. He was a general whose armies captured nearly 350 cities. Slavery became more common under his reign.
Thutmose III
This class of people included commanders, nobles, and priests. People who belong to this class lived in elegant homes and work fashionable white linen clothes, jewelry, and dark eye make-up. Was it the upper class, middle class, or lower class?
upper class
This complex writing system included a combination of pictures and sound symbols, and was used mostly for ceremonial and decorative purposes (and carved into stone walls and monument). Few ancient Egyptians could read and write using this system.
hieroglyphics
Before flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, the Nile river splits into many waterways, forming a fan-shaped area of fertile marshland called a __________.
delta
What was one of the most important writings of Ancient Egypt? This book included prayers and magic spells to help Egyptians prepare for the afterlife.
The Book of the Dead
This pharaoh felt threatened by the priests' power. He started a new religion centered on the worship of Aton, the sun God, as Egypt's only god. He changed his name to Akhenaton, meaning "Spirit of Aton." His changes were rejected by most Egyptians and his rule was weak
Amenhotep
This social class included traders, artisans, and scribes. Was this class the upper class, middle class, or lower class?
middle class
What did the pyramids protect the bodies of dead pharaohs from? Name one or more possible threats.
floods, wild animals, robbers
Fill in the blank.
To the west of the Nile River is the Libyan Desert and to the east is Eastern Desert, both with scorching heat. These deserts kept Egypt ____________ from outside invaders.
isolated
Name one or more of the ancient Egyptian gods and what they were responsible for.
Sun god Re (RAY): helped grow crops
River god Hapi: helped make the soil fertile
Osiris: an early pharaoh who it was believed gave the people their laws and taught them farming
Osiris and his wife Isis: ruled over the world of the dead
This pharaoh came to power as a 10-year old; during his reign, he restored worship of many Deities (gods); a British archaeologist discovered his tomb in 1922; it hadn't been robbed yet. His tomb contained his mummy and many treasures, including a gold mask of his face.
King Tutankhamen ("King Tut")
the name for a line of rulers from one family
dynasty
During the Middle Kingdom, pharaohs no longer had pyramids built. What was their art and monumental architecture like during this period?
-Statues of pharaohs showed them as ordinary humans
-tomb paintings illustrated stories about the Deities and scenes of everyday life