SIGNIFICANT TERMS
It was discovered in 1799 by French soldiers that unlocked the mystery of Egyptian hieroglyphs. This breakthrough opened a window into ancient Egyptian society and history, allowing for the translation of countless other texts.
What is the Rosetta Stone?
The exclusive burial ground for the pharaohs and powerful nobles of ancient Egypt and was a significant change in Egyptian society and culture, driven by the need for increased security against grave robbers.
What is the Valley of the Kings?
The god of the sun
Who is Ra?
The ancient practice of perserving a body after death.
What is mummification?
The lifeblood of ancient Egyptian civilization, providing fertile soil through annual floods, serving as a transportation route, and influencing religious beliefs and the development of a complex society with pharaohs, hieroglyphics, and monumental architecture like pyramids.
What is the Nile River?
Accomplishments of this kingdom were The Step Pyramid, Great Pyramid, and The Great Sphinx.
What is the Old Kingdom?
Commissioned during the period of the Old Kingdom as the burial tomb for Pharaoh Khufu, it is the oldest and only remaining original seven wonders of the world.
What is the Great Pyramid of Giza?
The god of the dead, funerals, and embalming.
Who is Anubis?
The goddess of motherhood, magic, and healing.
Who is Isis?
Egyptian writing.
What is hieroglyphics?
First dug during the reign of Sunseret II around 1850, it connected the Nile River to the Red Sea and was the forerunner to later artificial waterway projects.
What is the Canal of the Pharaohs?
The ancient capital of the Old Kingdom of Egypt.
What is Memphis?
His reign represents a high point of Egyptian civilization, marked by prosperity, extensive constructions, and the signing of one of the world's first peace treaties with the Hittites.
Who is Ramses II (Ramses the Great)?
One of the few women to rule Egypt with full pharaonic authority, known for her long, successful reign that featured ambitious trade expeditions. She asserted her authority by adopting traditional male symbols of kingship, like the false beard, to legitimize her rule in a male dominated society.
Who was Queen Hatshepsut?
An early form of paper made of plant fiber.
What is papyrus?
During this kingdom the Canal of the Pharoahs was complete, they defeated the kingdom of Kush, but were eventually defeated by the Hyksos.
What is the Middle Kingdom?
Ancient Egyptian limestone monolith with the body of a lion and the head of a human, carved from the rock of the Giza plateau around 4,500 years ago to serve as a spiritual guardian.
What is the Great Sphinx of Giza?
The god of the underworld and afterlife.
Who is Osiris?
The goddess of love.
Who is Hathor?
A coffin or a place where a mummified body was placed.
What is sarcophagus?
During this kingdom the Egyptian rulers were called pharaohs, Thutmose III conquered Syria, polytheism was abandoned under Amenhotep IV, and their last great ruler was Ramses the Great.
What is the New Kingdom?
This powerful Ancient Egyptian city served as the religious and later imperial capital during the Middle and New Kingdoms
What is Thebes?
Egyptian pharaoh of the Sixth Dynasty whose long reign marked the gradual decline and eventual collapse of the Old Kingdom.
Who is Pepi II?
Their conquest of Egypt introduced key innovations, including the horse-drawn chariot and composite bows, significantly impacting military strategy. After a century in power they were expelled by Ahmose I and the establshment of the New Kingdom.
Who are the Hyksos?
Powerful family or line of rulers that governs a state or empire, most commonly associated with the succession of rulers in Ancient Egypt.
What is a dynasty?