Geography
_______________ explains why food stability was a concern in Bronze Age Greece?
1. Rocky and not very fertile soil
OR
2. Mountainous terrain without major rivers
(1) _____________ wrote the Theogony. (2) ______________ wrote the Iliad and Odyssey.
(1) Who is Hesiod? (2) Who is Homer?
Sparta conquered its neighbors and turned them into slaves called ____________.
Who are helots?
Athens, unlike Sparta, did not form a state devoted to the military. It created a state devoted to _______________.
What is democracy?
City-states were the basic political institutional units in ancient Greece. Untranslated they are called ______________.
What are poleis (plural)? polis (singular)
The Greeks called their land ____________. They still do.
Where is Hellas?
According to our textbook, the characters in the Iliad and Odyssey display ___________, human excellence or living up to one's fullest potential.
What is arete?
Sparta's famous lawgiver and reformer was named ___________________. Name at least two of his reforms.
Who was Lycurgus?
-Making all citizens legally equal
-The formation of the gerousia (senate)
-The redistribution of land
-Eating in common mess halls
(+100) Which did Plutarch say was most offensive to rich Spartans?
A perpetual problem that plagued Athens was conflict between rich landowners and the landless poor. How did the ancient lawgiver Solon attempt to fix this problem?
Answers may vary.
1. Debt forgiveness
2. Outlawing debt slavery
3. Recalling exiles
4. Non-landowners allowed in assembly
The marketplace in a Greek city was called _____________.
The agora.
How did geography lead to political fragmentation into city states in ancient Greece?
Answers may vary.
Why did Minoan and Mycenaean civilization fall apart and usher in the so-called "Dark Age" of ancient Greece?
Answers may vary. Here are a few theories:
1. Invasions by outsiders and migration.
2. Changes in warfare and weaponry (iron weapons made foot soldiers just as important as nobles and kings fighting from chariots!)
3. Natural disasters and famine
The Spartan homeland could be found in a region known as ____________.
A. Messenia
B. Arcadia
C. Attica
D. Laconia
Where is Laconia?
The reforms of Solon of Athens did not satisfy everyone. Shortly after they were implemented, Athenians saw the rise of _______________, a tyrant who oversaw a building campaign and helped the city prosper. Strangely, his tyranny helped to weaken traditional Athenian elites and helped the city become more democratic.
Who is Pisistratus?
The elevated point in a Greek town was called ______________. On it you could find temples, altars, public monuments, and dedications to the gods.
The acropolis.
Which of these was not an important city associated with Mycenaean civilization?
A. Knossos
B. Thebes
C. Athens
D. Mycenae
Name at least three Spartan ideals, as laid out in Plutarch's Life of Lycurgus.
Enumerated
1. free-mindedness
2. self-sufficiency
3. self-control
Also
4. equality
5. fraternity
6. simplicity
7. leisure
Soon after the rise of Cleisthenes in 508 B.C.E., Athens became even more democratic because they formed demes and tribes and chose archons by lot. In this era, legislation was in the hands of two groups: the ____________ and the _____________. The former proposed laws and the latter had the final word in their passage.
Council of 500 (boule) and assembly (ekklesia)
Who are hoplites?
If there was one region in Greece capable of supporting a large population with agriculture, it was __________________.
Where is Boeotia and/or Euboea? (The central plains of Greece).
A famous bull named the _______________ lived beneath the palace of King _________ and came to embody ___________ civilization.
Minotaur
Minos
Minoan
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Gotcha! ;-)
Spartan "Grab Bag" Question
1. The Spartans judged competitions in assemblies by ________________. (+200)
2. True or false? The Spartans were undisturbed by the presence of outsiders and welcomed immigrants to their lands. (+200)
3. The Spartan secret service was called ___________. They would apparently cut the throats of helots who were out past curfew and kill the strongest helots in the fields.
1. Acclamation (the loudness of the assembly's shout determined the outcome)
2. False
3. The krypteia
An aristocrat by birth, he was also a poet. He read his poems in the Athenian agora for all to hear. His poems condemned the rich for their greed and dishonesty. They did so with good sense and sincerity rather than extremism. The nobles made him archon around 594 B.C.E.
______________ are the three constitutions in ancient Greece.
(+100) Can you name a synonym for each that is used depending on your political preferences?
(Kingship, Aristocracy, Mob Rule!)