Archaic Greece
The Greek word for a city-state.
Polis
The reason Greece was not a single, unified country.
Mountains divided mainland Greece into small valleys, and islands were separated from each other by the sea.
Oracles
Messages from the gods interpreted by a priest or priestess.
Types of crafts created by the ancient Greeks.
Hoplites
Greek soldiers who used spears and shields and went to war on foot.
The most famous example of democratic government.
Athens.
Each Greek territory had its own government and laws, though they shared this.
Culture / Language
Foundation myth.
A myth explaining the founding of a city by a great hero or one of the gods.
The agricultural products of ancient Greece.
Vines, wheat and olives.
The result of the Persian Wars.
Athens became the richest and most influential polis. Overall, Greek culture was saved.
This replaced aristocracy (such as that of Sparta) in some poleis. This type of government elects representatives.
Democracy.
The original name of the Greek-speaking world.
Hellas
The 12 Olympians (not their names).
They lived on Mt. Olympus and were the ruling gods of the ancient Greek society, said to be responsible for things from war to the seasons to love.
Items imported to ancient Greece.
Food, wood, and copper.
Describe Hellenism.
The cultural fusion of the areas conquered by Alexander the Great.
Reasons the Greeks established colonies.
- Overpopulation. There was not enough food for everyone.
- The economy. Colonies were created to promote trade, agriculture, and mining for precious metals.
The way in which ancient Greeks obtained their food.
Primarily from the Mediterranean Sea. They were expert fisherman and sailors.
Types of Greek theater.
Primarily dramas: tragedies, comedies, satyr plays (parodies).
- Metics (foreigners): free, paid taxes, fought in the army, not allowed to own land.
- Slaves: not free, prisoners of war, worked in agriculture or domestic service.
- Women: free or slaves, had no political rights, cared for children.
The areas ruled by Alexander the Great.
He ruled Greece in the west to the Danube River in the north, Egypt in the south and western India in the east.
There are two stages in Greek overseas expansion. This is the direction in which the Greeks first settled.
To the west (750-650BCE), followed by to the east (650-550BCE).
The areas on which ancient Greece was located.
- the islands of the eastern Mediterranean.
- the coast of Asia Minor (now Turkey).
The three greatest Greek philosophers.
Socrates, Plato and Aristotle.
Drachmas
Silver coins used for trade.
The leagues involved in the Peloponnesian War.
The Delian League and the Peloponnesian League.