The Rise of Democracy
Who had power in a MONARCHY?
A monarchy is when there is a single ruler, such as a king, queen, or emperor, who holds all of the power in a country or empire.
Describe the geography of Athens and Sparta.
Athens was located along the Aegean Sea. It made travel easy.
Sparta was located on a plain between the mountains and sea. It kept them very isolated.
Who fought in the Peloponnesian War, and who won?
Sparta and Athens fought in the Peloponnesian War.
Sparta won.
What are the two reasons that Alexander decided to fight the Persians?
Alexander wanted to carry out his father’s plan. It would unite the Greeks by giving them a common enemy, and it would add to Alexander’s wealth.
What system did Greek geographers develop that would help describe where places are located?
They developed the system of longitude and latitude.
Who had power in an OLIGARCHY?
In an oligarchy, power is held by a small group of wealthy men.
Describe the type of government in Athens and Sparta.
Athens- democracy
Sparta- oligarchy
Why were the Olympic Games held?
They were held to honor the Greek god Zeus.
Alexander’s goal was to bring people of very different cultures together under a single government. He created a plan that had three key parts. What are those key parts?
A) He would spread Greek culture and ideas. B) He would use religion to inspire loyalty. C) He would respect the culture of the areas he conquered, including even adopting some of their customs.
What contribution did Greeks make to language?
They developed an alphabet that has influenced English. Many English words have Greek roots. They also established a writing structure that influenced English grammar, punctuation, and paraphrasing. They invented drama, including tragedy and comedy.
Who had power in a TYRANNY?
In a tyranny, the tyrant gets power by seizing it illegally.
What was the economy like in Athens and Sparta.
Athens-Trading
Sparta- Farming
What were the two main types of plays that were created?
Tragedies and comedies
Why did Alexander create the city of Alexandria in Egypt?
He wanted to build Greek-style cities to spread Greek culture throughout his empire.
What contributions did Greeks make to government?
They developed a government that is ruled by the people, called democracy. They had citizens serve on juries.
Who had power in a DEMOCRACY?
Power is held by all of the citizens.
What was the purpose of education in Athens and Sparta?
Athenian education? Producing good citizens. They needed to have a sharp mind as well as a healthy body.
Spartan education? Produce men and women who could protect the city-state.
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle focused on teaching truth and knowledge.
They were all famous what? They were famous philosophers. Philosophy means the search for wisdom or knowledge.
What is the spreading and learning of others' cultures called?
Assimilation
What did Pythagoras do?
He started a school where students developed mathematical theories. He developed the Pythagorean Theorem.
Name the four types of government that existed in Ancient Greece.
Monarchy, Oligarchy, Tyranny, Democracy
Describe the role and rights of women in Athens and Sparta.
Name 3 rights women had in Sparta that they did not have in Athens: 1) They could speak with their husband’s friends. 2) They could own and control property. 3) They could marry another man if their first husband was gone at war too long.
How did the mountains affect the Greek city-states?
The steep mountains kept many of the city-states isolated. They also made it difficult to farm.
What happened to Alexander’s empire after he died?
Alexander’s empire was destroyed.
What did Euclid do?
He created a geometry textbook that became the basis for teaching geometry for more than 2,000 years.