Geography
Greek citizens lived in independent these throughout Greece
City-States
A type of government in which people rule themselves is called a what?
Democracy
Who was the God of the heavens and earth?
Zeus
Which Greek city-state is known for their education and government?
Athens
Euclid was known for focusing on this type of math and advancing it:
Geometry
People got around in Ancient Greece using what geographical feature?
The Sea
Which type of wealthy people had power in an Oligarchy? Describe what they are like.
Aristocrats; Wealthy/Powerful cared for themselves
Who were Zeus’s two brothers and what were they the Gods of?
Poseidon: God of the sea, Hades: God of the underworld
Which city-state was known for their training in the military?
Sparta
Why were Greek sculptures so advanced?
Greeks studied the human body
Polis stands for what in Greek?
City-State (Greek language)
What is a tyrant and how did he get power?
Who was the tyrant from Athens who promoted peace and did good for the people?
A leader who held power through the use of force or gaining power by illegal means
Piestratus
Aphrodite, Ares, Hephaestus, and Athena were best known as gods and goddesses of what?
Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty, Ares: God of War/violence, Hephaestus: God of craftsmen/blacksmiths, and Athena: Goddess of wisdom and knowledge
What was the name of the battle in which Spartan Soldiers held off the forces of Xerxes of Persia? What war was this?
Battle of Thermopylae; Persian War
What type of teaching allowed Greeks to think about the mind and how the world worked such as the Socratic Method and using reasoning?
Philosophy
City-States were separated by what and provide three ways it impacted the Greeks?
Mountains; Created separate cultures within their city-states and had them rely on the sea for trading, traveling, fishing, etc.
What are two of the three differences between the Athenian Direct Democracy and the American/Roman Representative Democracy?
Athenian: all citizens met as a group to debate and vote directly on an issue, no separation of powers (citizens controlled everything), only free male citizens could vote (women, slaves, and foreigners could not)
Representative: Citizens elect representatives to debate and vote on issues for them, separation of powers (citizens could not do everything, men and women who are citizens have the right to vote
What were the two reasons myths were created in Ancient Greece?
To explain why and how things happened in the world around them and for entertainment
What was the Peloponnesian War? Who fought in this war and why did it occur? What was the result?
Peloponnesian War: Fought between Athens and Sparta; After the Persian War: Athens began to gain power and take over land; Sparta defeats them and becomes most powerful city-state in Greece
What were the two most important focuses of Hippocrates?
Focused on finding cures to diseases and how doctors should behave/treat their patients
The fortress that stood on top of a high hill was called what? What was its purpose and why was it an advantage?
Acropolis; higher position that led to a good defense against attacks
Who was the elected leader in Greece who encouraged Athenians to spread democracy throughout all of the city-states in Greece?
Pericles
He wrote two of the most famous poems which are still taught in schools today about Heroes:, He is known for writing short stories that teach the reader lessons:, She was known for her emotional poems about relationships:
Name the writer and the type of writing they were known for
Homer, Epics
Aesop, Fables
Sappho, Lyrics
Describe what happened in the Battle of Marathon. Who was the leader of Persia at this time?
Describe what happened at the Battle of Salamis
Who was the leader at this time
Marathon: Persians led by Darius tried to invade Greece; Failed; The Athenians won and pushed Persia out of Greece
Salamis: Persians led by Xerxes; Tricked into a narrow waterway where ships could not move because they were too large; defeated led to end of Persian War
What were the biggest achievements of the philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
Socrates: the Socratic Method of asking questions(never stop searching for knowledge), Plato: The Academy where students, philosophers, and scientists discussed ideas, Aristotle: live life in moderation or balance