Geography
How did geography shape Greek life?
Geography shaped Greek life by limiting the amount of arable land, causing the Greeks to develop into a seafaring culture.
What is an oligarchy?
An oligarchy is a government where a small group of wealthy or powerful individuals hold control.
Why was the Delian League formed?
The Delian League was formed to protect Greece from future invasions, especially from the Persians.
Name one achievement from Athens' Golden Age.
One achievement from Athens' Golden Age was the construction of the Parthenon.
What were Spartan boys trained to become?
Spartan boys were trained to become soldiers from a young age.
Why were city-states isolated from each other?
City-states were isolated from each other because of Greece’s mountainous terrain.
Name one city-state and its government type.
Sparta had an oligarchy, Athens had a democracy, and Corinth had a monarchy.
What caused the Peloponnesian War?
The Peloponnesian War was caused by power struggles between Athens and Sparta, particularly Athens' growing influence.
What was the purpose of the agora?
The purpose of the agora was as a marketplace and gathering place for citizens to meet, discuss, and make decisions.
How were Spartan women’s lives different from Athenian women’s?
Spartan women had more freedom and responsibility compared to Athenian women, including physical training and managing property.
What are the three seas surrounding Greece?
The three seas surrounding Greece are the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.
How did Athens' democracy work?
In Athens, all free male citizens were allowed to vote on laws and decisions directly in an assembly.
Name one result of the Persian Wars.
A major result of the Persian Wars was that Greece successfully repelled the Persian invasions, particularly after the Battle of Marathon.
What was the significance of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece?
The Olympic Games were held to honor Zeus and were a way to showcase athletic abilities and bring together different Greek city-states.
What did Athenian education focus on?
Athenian education focused on a well-rounded curriculum, including arts, philosophy, and physical fitness for boys.
How did geography encourage trade in Greece?
Geography encouraged trade in Greece because of its access to the sea, which provided a way to exchange goods with other cultures.
What type of government did Sparta have?
Sparta had a military-focused oligarchy with two kings and a council of elders.
How did the Peloponnesian War affect Greece?
The Peloponnesian War left Greece weakened, divided, and vulnerable to outside invasions.
What was the purpose of the Parthenon in Athens?
The Parthenon was a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, built to honor her and celebrate Athens' power.
Why did Spartans discourage trade?
Spartans discouraged trade because they wanted to maintain a self-sufficient, militaristic society and avoid outside influences.
How did mountains impact Greek politics and culture?
Mountains caused political separation, leading Greek city-states to develop their own governments, cultures, and languages.
Compare Athenian democracy to modern democracy.
Athenian democracy allowed citizens to vote on decisions directly, while modern democracy often uses elected representatives.
Explain the difference between the Delian and Peloponnesian Leagues.
The Delian League was an alliance led by Athens to defend against Persia, while the Peloponnesian League was led by Sparta to oppose Athens' power.
How did Greek art and architecture reflect their values and beliefs?
Greek art and architecture emphasized beauty, symmetry, and balance, often depicting gods, heroes, and everyday life to reflect their appreciation for order and perfection.
Compare the roles of men and women in Sparta and Athens.
In Sparta, men were primarily soldiers, and women had more public roles, while in Athens, men participated in politics and women had more domestic roles.