Timelines
What do BCE and CE stand for?
Before Common Era and Common Era
Which city-state used democracy?
Athens
What was a serf in Ancient Greece?
unfree labourer tied to land, especially in Sparta (helots)
What was a hoplite?
a heavily armed Greek foot soldier
A similarity between ancient and modern warfare.
armies still use strategy, organisation, and teamwork
Battle of Marathon occurred in which year?
490 BCE
Who were the helots?
enslaved farmers who worked for Sparta
What was the main role of a Spartan soldier?
to train from childhood and serve in the army full-time
What formation did hoplites fight in?
the phalanx
A difference between ancient and modern warfare.
modern armies use advanced technology such as guns, planes, drones
Which event happened first?
A) Persians capture Miletus
B) Greeks defeat Persians at Eurymedon
Persians capture Miletus (497 BCE)
One difference between Athens and Sparta’s values
Athenians valued learning/art while Spartans valued military strength
Describe the role of women in Athens.
managing the household, weaving, raising children, little public freedom
Which battle did the Athenian navy win using triremes?
the Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)
Why did weapons change over time?
improvements in technology and new material
Why is chronological sequencing important in History?
it helps show cause/effect and how events connect over time
Name one way Athenian citizens participated in government.
attending the Assembly or voting on issues
How did democracy affect citizens in Athens
it allowed them to vote, speak in Assembly, and take part in political decisions
Why was the phalanx effective?
soldiers shielded one another, making a strong defensive wall
Identify a continuity in warfare and explain why it stayed the same.
discipline remains important because armies still need coordinated action
– Death of Darius (486 BCE)
– Battle of Salamis (480 BCE)
– Persians re-establish control in Ionia (493 BCE)
493 BCE → 486 BCE → 480 BCE
Which group had more freedom: Athenian or Spartan women? Explain.
Spartan women because they could own land, train physically, and had more independence
If an Athenian woman moved to Sparta, would her life change or stay the same?
change—she would gain more rights, more freedom/sport training, and more social participation?
Name one cause and one outcome of the Persian Wars.
Cause: Persia tried to expand into Greek lands.
Outcome: Greeks united and pushed Persia back, boosting Greek identity.
Give one reason for continuity or change in women’s roles across Ancient Greece
values and cultural expectations shaped the roles: Athens valued domestic life; Sparta valued strength and contribution to military society?