Forms of Greek Government
This earliest form of government in Greece involves a single ruler holding all power, often passed down through a family.
Monarchy
At its height, the Persian Empire stretched from the Balkan Peninsula to the Indian subcontinent and this North African region.
Egypt
This Greek historian is known as the "Father of History" and wrote most of what we know about the Persian War.
Herodotus
Athens entered this time period of great success and the peak of civilization immediately following the Persian War.
Both city-states were this religiously, meaning they worshipped many gods.
Polytheistic
Used in Sparta as an alternative to a Monarchy, this type of government is defined as rule by a small group of men, or rule by few.
Oligarchy
This monotheistic religion, founded by Zoroaster, taught that Ahura Mazda was the God of truth and light.
Zoroastrianism
This Persian king was in power at the start of the conflict, while his son, Xerxes, was king at the end.
Darius I
This Athenian leader of the Golden Age paid for public service to encourage the poor to participate in the political system.
Pericles
The economy of this major city-state was primarily based on trade.
Athens
This Athenian reformer outlawed debt slavery and made higher offices more accessible, though citizenship remained limited.
Solon
The Persian Empire used an Imperial Bureaucracy, dividing the empire into provinces, each ruled by this local governor who reported back to the King.
Satrap
Fought in 490 BCE, Athens was the "Winner" of this battle, which happened 26.2 miles from the city.
Battle of Marathon
In three steps, explain Pericles plan to improve Athens
1. Strengthen Democracy
2. Glorify Athens
3. Build an Empire
In Sparta, these state-owned slaves were responsible for doing the farming.
Helots
Discontent with oligarchies led to the rise of this type of ruler, who seizes power illegally and rules single-handedly.
Tyrant
This Persian king was a tolerant ruler, a military genius, and is credited with freeing the Hebrews.
Cyrus the Great
At the Battle of Thermopylae, Spartans used this battle formation to hold off the Persians while Athenian citizens evacuated.
Phalanx
A key outcome of this 27-year conflict was that Greece was left weaker and less unified, making it "open to outside attack".
Peloponnesian War
This term refers to the city-states with which Greeks identified, over being Greek.
This reformer expanded citizenship to all free males born in Athens and created the Council of 500 to carry out daily business.
Cleisthenes
The construction of the Royal Road enhanced this pre-existing Asian trade network.
The Silk Road
This decisive naval battle in 480 BCE resulted in a Greek victory after the channel's terrain helped them defeat the Persians.
Battle of Salamis
Despite Alexander the Great's vast conquests, this occurred immediately after his death.
Empire fell/crumbled/ended
In this city-state, wealthy boys attended school to learn reading, writing, music, math, sports, and poetry, showing a value for education.