The Persian Wars
This series of conflicts began when Greek city-states in Ionia rebelled against this empire.
What is the Persian Empire?
This statesman led Athens during its Golden Age and oversaw the rebuilding of the city.
He was the teacher of Plato and was sentenced to death for "corrupting the youth" of Athens.
Who is Socrates?
This war was a 27-year struggle for power between these two rival city-states.
What are Athens and Sparta?
This king of Macedonia conquered all of Greece before his son took over the empire.
Who is King Philip II?
At this 490 B.C. battle, a smaller Athenian force unexpectedly defeated the Persians; a messenger supposedly ran 26 miles to deliver the news.
What is the battle of Marathon?
Athens is credited with creating this form of government, where all citizens participate in decision-making.
What is direct democracy?
This philosopher, a student of Plato, tutored Alexander the Great and emphasized the "Golden Mean."
Who is Aristotle?
During the war, this disaster struck Athens, killing one-third of the population, including Pericles.
What is the plague?
Alexander the Great’s empire eventually stretched from Greece as far east as this modern-day country.
What is India?
This Spartan king led 300 soldiers in a famous "last stand" at the narrow pass of Thermopylae.
Who is Leonidas?
This famous temple was built on the Acropolis to honor the goddess Athena.
What is the Parthenon?
Every four years, Greeks gathered at this site to compete in athletic contests honoring Zeus.
What is Olympia? Or, what is the Olympics?
This military formation, featuring soldiers standing shoulder-to-shoulder with overlapping shields, was used by both sides.
What is a phalanx?
This term describes the "Greek-like" culture that spread across the Middle East after Alexander's conquests.
What is Hellenistic?
This Athenian leader developed the "wooden walls" (navy) that defeated the Persian fleet at the Battle of Salamis.
Who is Themisticles?
This process allowed Athenian citizens to vote to banish a politician who was becoming too powerful for ten years.
What is ostracism?
This "Father of History" wrote about the Persian Wars, though his accounts sometimes included myths.
Who is Herodotus?
Sparta finally defeated Athens with help from this former common enemy.
What is Persia? Or, who are the Persians?
Located in Egypt, this city became the greatest center of learning and trade in the Hellenistic world.
What is Alexandria?
Following the wars, Athens formed this defensive alliance to protect against future Persian attacks.
What is the Delian League?
This open-market area served as the center of social and political life in Athens.
What is the agora?
This type of Greek drama usually featured a hero with a "fatal flaw" who suffered a major downfall.
What is a tragedy?
This historian wrote a more objective, eyewitness account of the Peloponnesian War than previous writers.
Who is Thucydides?
Unlike in Classical Athens, women in the Hellenistic Era gained more rights, including the ability to do this.
What is own property? Or, what is receive an education?