G-Geography
These physical barriers covered 80% of Greece and forced people into isolated city-states.
What are Mountains?
He was the King of the Gods and the god of the sky and thunder.
Who is Zeus?
The city-state is known as the "Birthplace of Democracy".
What is Athens?
Because they couldn't grown much wheat, Greeks became experts at growing these two "cash crops".
What are Grapes and Olives?
This 27 year war between Athens and Sparta left the Greek city-states weak and exhausted.
What is the Peloponnesian War?
Because Greece had very little "arable" land, they relied on this body of water for trade and travel.
What is the Mediterranean/Aegean Sea
To honor the gods and show off their physical achievements, the Greeks held this massive athletic festival every four years in honor of Zeus.
What are the Olympics?
Olympic Games
The type of government is "rule by a few" powerful, wealthy elites (common in Sparta).
What is an Oligarchy?
These were foreign born merchants and artisans who lived in Greece but had no voting rights.
Who are Metics?
This king from the North (Macedonia) conquered Greece after they were weakened by civil war.
Who is Phillip II?
This is the term for a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides, like Greece itself.
What is Peninsula?
These are the three types of Greek columns used in architecture, ranging from simple to fancy.
What are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian?
This word describes a person who has the right to participate in government, a concept invented by the Greeks.
What is a Citizen?
This invention made trade much faster and easier than bartering.
Bartering: trading goods for goods
What is standardized Coinage/Money?
This is the name for the period of time when Greek culture was at its highest point of achievement.
What is the Golden Age?
Greeks settled these "distant lands" because they lacked enough flat land to grow grain for their population.
What are Colonies?
The philosopher taught by asking constant questions to encourage deeper thinking.
Who is Socrates?
He was the leader of Athens during its "Golden Age" and helped rebuild the Parthenon.
Who is Pericles?
This group of people was at the bottom of the social hierarchy and provided the labor that allowed citizens to focus on politics.
Who are the Enslaved People?
This alliance of city states was led by Athens, but its "bullying" of other cities eventually led to war.
What is the Delian League?
Explain how the Geography of Greece directly led to the development of independent city-states instead of one unified empire.
Mountains/Seas acted as barriers that prevented easy travel and communication, leading to unique local cultures/laws.
How did the Achievement of the Socratic Method change the way people understood the world compared to using Religion?
It shifted the focus from myths/gods to logic, reason, and human evidence.
Describe the biggest difference between the politics of Athens and the politics of Sparta?
Athens: Focused on individual voice, democracy, arts.
Sparta: Focused on military strength, stability, oligarchy.
How did Maritime Trade (sea trade) influence the wealth and "daily life" of the Greek middle class?
It allowed them to gain wealth through commerce rather than just owning land, leading to more influence in society.
Why was the Alexander the Great significant to the survival of Greek achievements even after the city-states fell?
He spread Greek language, art, and ideas across three continents, creating "Hellenistic" culture.