Early Greece (Minoans, Mycenaeans, Polis)
This early civilization on Crete built large palace complexes like Knossos.
Who were the Minoans?
This Athenian wrote a harsh law code that forbade blood feuds.
Who was Draco?
This statesman led Athens during its cultural and democratic peak.
Who was Pericles?
Name one key battle of the Greco-Persian Wars.
Marathon / Thermopylae / Salamis.
Name the three Greek architectural orders.
Doric / Ionic / Corinthian.
This warlike society is associated with the Trojan War and fortified citadels.
Who were the Mycenaeans?
This reformer cancelled debts and abolished debt slavery. Introuced timocracy.
Who was Solon?
This body of all male citizens voted on laws and declared war.
What is the Assembly (Ekklesia)?
This Greek formation of tightly packed hoplites was essential in battle.
What is the phalanx?
This philosopher wrote down dialogues and founded the Academy.
Who was Plato?
The raised fortified hilltop of a polis, home to temples and public buildings.
What is the Acropolis?
Name the Athenian tyrant who was popular and created festivals but was later expelled.
Who was Peisistratos?
This group of 500 citizens prepared laws and supervised officials.
What is the Boule?
This alliance was led by Sparta and opposed the Delian League.
What is the Peloponnesian League?
Define philosophy literally.
“Love of wisdom.”
Name the open marketplace and political meeting space found in every polis.
What is the Agora?
Cleisthenes reorganised Athens into these local units to break aristocratic power.
What are phylae?
Why could poorer citizens now participate actively in democracy during the Golden Age?
Because they were paid for jury and assembly service.
Give one reason why Athens could not win the Peloponnesian War.
The plague (Spartan alliance with Persia, naval defeats)
Name the historian who wrote an account of the Peloponnesian War using strict evidence and causation.
Who was Thucydides?
Explain in one sentence why ostracism was an important democratic safeguard in Athens.
It prevented any citizen from gaining too much power by allowing temporary banishment through a democratic vote.
Define Timocracy AND name the reformer who introduced it.
A system where wealth determined political rights; introduced by Solon.
Explain one structural weakness of direct Athenian democracy.
E.g., it excluded women/slaves/metics; decisions depended on public speaking; could be manipulated; required constant participation.
Explain how Alexander the Great’s empire helped spread Hellenistic culture.
Military conquest → founding cities → mixing Greek and Eastern customs → spread of language, science, art.
Name two scientific or mathematical thinkers.
– Thales (natural explanations, water as principle)
– Pythagoras (Pythagorean theorem)