Key Terms
A high rocky hill where early people built cities.
What is an acropolis?
“Boys of seven trained to be soldiers”
What is Sparta?
God of war, bloodshed, and battle frenzy.
Who is Ares?
This geographic feature, along with the surrounding seas, led to the development of independent city-states in Greece by making travel and communication difficult.
What are mountains?
A small Greek force, led by the Spartans, bravely held off the vast Persian army. Their bravery, even in defeat, became a powerful symbol that united Greece.
What is the Battle of Thermopylae.
A city with its own traditions, government, and laws; a separate and independent state.
What is a city-state?
“Every citizen has the right to vote in our democracy”
What is Athens?
Goddess of wisdom, strategy, warfare, and justice.
Who is Athena?
Another word for widespread disease; killed 2/3 of Athens during the Peloponnesian war.
What is plague?
This war began after a Trojan prince kidnapped Helen, the wife of a Spartan king, and ended with the Greeks using a wooden horse to infiltrate the city. Clever tactics and deception can change the outcome of a war.
What is the Trojan War?
A priest or priestess who delivered messages from the gods at a sacred site where people sought advice.
What is an oracle?
“Played a major role in defeating the Persian Empire”
What is both Sparta and Athens?
King of the gods, ruler of the sky, and wielder of thunderbolts.
In the mornings, Athenian men gathered in this public space to discuss politics, philosophy, and current events.
What is the Agora?
This battle proved to city-states that the Persian Empire could be defeated, and boosted Greek confidence.
What is the Battle of Marathon?
A form of government in which citizens govern themselves.
What is democracy?
“Focused on philosophy, art, and education rather than military training for all citizens”
What is Athens?
Goddess of marriage, family, and queenship.
Who is Hera?
In Sparta, this group greatly outnumbered Spartan citizens, and was responsible for farming and providing food for the city-state.
Who were the helots?
He conquered Persia, Egypt and land near the Indus River in only 11 years.
Who is Alexander the Great?
A form of government controlled by a small group of wealthy and powerful individuals.
What is an oligarchy?
“Economy that relied on enslaved people for labor”
What is both Sparta and Athens?
God of wine, celebration, and theater.
Who is Dionysus?
Most Athenian women spent their lives focused on these main responsibilities:
What are the three C’s of childcare? or What is at home taking care of the family?
This war weakened Greek city-states, allowing Philip of Macedon to conquer them one by one and unite Greece. Athens vs Sparta.
What is the Peloponnesian War?