Ancient Greece
1. How did geography influence the shape of Greek city-states?
2. What led to the conquest of Greece by outsiders?
1. Mountains divided Greece's peninsula into small isolated valleys
2. Endless rivalry between city states led to wars and later the conquest of Greece by outsiders.
1. Define the Socratic Method and name the individual who developed the method.
2. Explain Athens reaction to the Socratic Method and how it impacted Socrates.
1. Socrates developed the Socratic Method, a process where you pose a series of questions in order to examine the implications of your answer.
2. Athenians saw his questioning as a threat to accepted values and traditions. Socrates was put on trial and killed.
1. Where is the Roman Republic located?
2. Why was this area easier for Roman's to unite compared to Greece?
1. Italy
2. Italy is not broken up into small isolated valleys.
The Roman Empire followed a policy of ___________, establishing control over foreign lands and peoples.
Imperialism
Name 4 general factors (not specific) that led to Rome's decline.
Hint: pg. 168 of textbook
1. political
2. economic
3. social
4. military
Name and define the structure of Greece city-states.
(Hint: Answer should include 2 vocabulary words)
polis- Greek's unique version of the city state
acropolis- high city
1. Name Socrates' student. How did Socrates' death impact the position of his student on democracy
2. What was Plato's version of an ideal state.
3. Who had ultimate authority in Plato's ideal state?
1. Plato. The death of Socrates left Plato with distrust of democracy
2. Plato argued that the state should regulate every aspect of citizens lives in order to provide for their best interest,
3. Philosopher King
1. What form of government did the Roman Republic start off as? What form of government came next?
2. Why did Rome transition into a republic?
1. Rome started off as a Monarchy and then transitioned into a republic.
2. So no single individual would be able to gain too much power.
1. Through Imperialism, Rome acquired slaves. What population in Rome did this hurt the most?
2. Name two reforms Plebeians tried to introduce to help this group.
1. Farmers
2. Distribute land to poor farmers and use public funds to buy grain to feed the poor.
Name 3 effects of Rome's Military Attacks: Invasions by Huns and Germans, weakened legions
Hint: pg. 168
1. Germanic people seek safety in Roman Empire
2. Roman Empire surrenders territory to German invaders
3. German leader ousts Roman Emperor
In chronological order, name and define 4 forms of government that Greek's developed.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monarchy- Hereditary ruler holds central power
Aristocracy- Hereditary landowning upper class rules
Oligarchy- Small wealthy elite holds power
Democracy- Rule by the people
2. What did Plato's student think democracy would lead to? Define this term.
1. Aristotle
2. Mob rule- government by a mob (crowd of people)
1. Name the most powerful governmental body in Rome's republic.
2. Define Patricians and Consuls and their role in Rome's Republic.
1. The most powerful body was the Senate
2. Patricians, the landholding upper class, made laws and controlled the government. Consuls supervised the business of government
1. Who is Julius Caesar?
2. After completing his conquests and returning to Rome, what did Julius Caesar force the senate to make him?
1. Julius was an ambitious military commander
2. Julius Caesar forced the senate to make him dictator.
Name 3 effects of Rome's Political Turbulence: (Government oppression and corrupt officials)
Hint: pg. 168
1. Gov loses popular support
2. Empire becomes unstable
3. Roman empire is divided into eastern and western halves.
Name two city states in Ancient Greece and how phalanx (the fighting system used by its citizen- soldiers) impacted both city states.
Athens- Extended more political rights to citizens
Sparta- Stressed military virtues
1. Who is Alexander the Great? What was his goal and where did he get it from?
2. Name 2 factors that led to the decline of the Persian Empire
1. Alexander was a soldier and son of Phillip II, the former King of Macedonia. His goal was to conquer Persia which he took from his father.
2. Emperor Darius III was weak and Persian Provinces were in rebellion against him.
1. Define Plebeians.
2. Name the process by which plebeians gained the right to elect their own officials to protect their interest.
3. Define veto
1. Plebeians were the farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up most of the population were citizens who held little influence.
2. Tribunes allowed Plebeians to elect their own officials
3. Veto means to Block laws
1. Name the individual who replaced Julius Caesar
2. What did this individual become?
1. Augustus
2. The first emperor of the Roman Empire.
Name 3 effects of Rome's Economical Turbulence: (Slave labor, high taxes, disease)
Hint: pg. 168
1. Abandonment of land, reduced agriculture, unemployment
2 Civil unrest, decline in population
Name 3 Early Aegan Civilizations that preceded the Greek City States
(Hint: Pg. 130 of textbook)
1. Minoan
2. Myceneans
3. Dorian
Name Alexanders most lasting achievement. Give 1 example of this achievement.
Alexanders most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek culture.
Examples include: Alexander founding new cities named after him, building Greek temples, marrying a Persian woman and encouraging others to do the same, etc.
Name 3 ideas the U.S constitution copied from Rome's Republic
The senate, veto, and system of checks and balances on political power
Explain the main difference between a republic and an empire
A republic is a government in which the people have a say in who leads them, like voting for leaders. An empire is a government in which power is held by a king
Name 3 effects of Rome's Social Turbulence: Decline in patriotism
Hint: pg. 168
1. Citizen soldiers replaced with less loyal mercenaries
2. Upper class no longer provides leaders
3. Self reliance of masses are undermined