Ancient Greece
1. How did geography influence the shape of Greek city-states?
1. Mountains divided Greece's peninsula into small isolated valleys
1. Where is the Roman Republic located?
2. Why was this area easier for Roman's to unite compared to Greece?
1. Italy
2. Italy is not broken up into small isolated valleys.
The Roman Empire followed a policy of ___________, establishing control over foreign lands and peoples.
Imperialism
Name and define the structure of Greece city-states.
(Hint: Answer should include 2 vocabulary words)
polis- Greek's unique version of the city state
acropolis- high city
1. What form of government did the Roman Republic start off as? What form of government came next?
2. Why did Rome transition into a republic?
1. Rome started off as a Monarchy and then transitioned into a republic.
2. So no single individual would be able to gain too much power.
1. Through Imperialism, Rome acquired slaves. What population in Rome did this hurt the most?
1. Farmers
Name 3 forms of government that Greek's developed.
1.
2.
3.
Monarchy- Hereditary ruler holds central power
Aristocracy- Hereditary landowning upper class rules
Oligarchy- Small wealthy elite holds power
Democracy- Rule by the people
1. Name the most powerful governmental body in Rome's republic.
2. Define Patricians
1. The most powerful body was the Senate
2. Patricians, the landholding upper class, made laws and controlled the government.
1. Who is Julius Caesar?
2. After completing his conquests and returning to Rome, what did Julius Caesar force the senate to make him?
1. Julius was an ambitious military commander
2. Julius Caesar forced the senate to make him dictator.
Name two city states in Ancient Greece and how phalanx (the fighting system used by its citizen- soldiers) impacted both city states.
Athens- Extended more political rights to citizens
Sparta- Stressed military virtues
1. Define Plebeians.
2. Name the process by which plebeians gained the right to elect their own officials to protect their interest.
1. Plebeians were the farmers, merchants, and artisans who made up most of the population were citizens who held little influence.
2. Tribunes allowed Plebeians to elect their own officials
1. Name the individual who replaced Julius Caesar
2. What did this individual become?
1. Augustus
2. The first emperor of the Roman Empire.
What led to the conquest of Greece by outsiders?
Endless rivalry between city states led to wars and later the conquest of Greece by outsiders.
Name 3 ideas the U.S constitution copied from Rome's Republic
The senate, veto, and system of checks and balances on political power
Explain the main difference between a republic and an empire
A republic is a government in which the people have a say in who leads them, like voting for leaders. An empire is a government in which power is held by a king