Greek Governments
What type of government did Athens introduce where citizens vote directly on laws?
Demoncracy
Which city-state focused on military training and discipline?
Sparta
At which battle did the Greeks defeat the Persians, saving Athens?
The Battle of Marathon
Who was Socrates' most famous student?
Plato
Who was the leader of Athens during its Golden Age?
Pericles
What is a government called where power is held by a small group of wealthy individuals?
Oligarchy
Which city-state focused on military training and discipline?
Athens
Who led the famous 300 Spartans at the Battle of Thermopylae?
King Leonidas
Which philosopher was known for teaching Alexander the Great?
Aristotle
What famous building was constructed in Athens during the Golden Age to honor the goddess Athena?
The Parthenon
Which Greek city-state practiced an oligarchic form of government?
Sparta
Name one major difference between the education systems in Athens and Sparta.
Athenian education focused on philosophy and arts; Spartan education focused on military training.
Which naval battle helped the Greeks defeat the Persian fleet in 480 BCE?
The Battle of Salamis
What teaching method, developed by Socrates, involved asking questions to stimulate critical thinking?
The Socratic Method
How did Alexander the Great help spread Greek culture throughout the Mediterranean and Asia?
Through his conquests and the establishment of Greek-style cities like Alexandria.
What is a tyranny, and how does it differ from a monarchy?
Tyranny is when one individual seizes power illegally; a monarchy is a system where power is inherited by a king or queen.
What was the name of the Spartan slaves who were vital to their agricultural system?
Helots
Which alliance, led by Athens, was formed after the Persian Wars to protect against further Persian attacks?
The Delian League
What was Plato’s most famous written work, which describes his vision of an ideal society?
The Republic
After Alexander the Great’s death, what were the three main Hellenistic kingdoms that formed?
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Egypt), the Seleucid Empire (Persia and the East), and the Antigonid Dynasty (Macedonia and Greece).
What was the Council of 500 in Athens, and how did it function within Athenian democracy?
The Boule was a council of 500 citizens chosen by lot to serve for one year. The Boule set the agenda for the Assembly and oversaw executing laws and the day-to-day function of the government.
What is the Peloponnesian War, and why was it started?
The Peloponnesian war was between Athens and Sparta, and the war started because of Athens' increasing dominance in the Delian League.
What was the significance of the Persian Wars for the Greek city-states?
The Persian Wars united the Greek city-states against a common enemy, boosted Athenian dominance, and contributed tot he rise of the Athenian Golden Age.
How did Aristotle’s views on government differ from Plato’s?
Plato believed in rule by philosopher-kings, while Aristotle favored a mixed government system balancing monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy.
What was the impact of Pericles' leadership on Athens?
Pericles expanded democracy, led Athens during its Golden Age, and promoted arts, philosophy, and architecture, leaving a lasting legacy in Western civilization.