Early Greece
City-States and Greek Culture
The Golden Age
Alexander's Great Empire
Vocab and Philosophy
100
Which group lived on the island of Crete and were expert sailors?
Minoans
100
What were the two major city-states during the Classical Greek era?
Sparta and Athens
100
Define Golden Age
The time when a people or civilization was at its best based on art, architecture, literature, and science.
100
True or False. The Egyptians resisted Alexander's conquest attempt and fought back.
False. They greeted him warmly because they were thankful to be free from Persian rule.
100
Define acropolis
"high city"- a fort built on a hilltop for safety during enemy attacks. The cities were often designed around these.
200
Who wrote the epics Illiad and Odyssey?
Homer
200
True or False. People in lower classes outnumbered Spartan citizens by as much as 10 to 1.
True. Only males in the ruling class were considered to be Spartan citizens.
200
Pericles gave male citizens the right to hold nearly any government office because-
a. He was concerned that the poor would rebel if he did not.
b. His ancestors had been poor
c. He believed that one's wealth should not be a factor in government service
d. He wanted to change the way the military was organized.
C
200
What city-state tried to rebel that Alexander attacked and destroyed to discourage other city-states from following their example.
Thebes
200
At one time, landowning families ruled Athens as an _________________________.
Aristocracy
300
Describe the myth of Pandora's Box, make sure to include key details as well as it's similarities to other religious stories.
Pandora was made and was beautiful so she received gifts from the Greek gods. Hermes gave her too much curiosity. When she was sent to earth and got married, she got a wedding present box from the gods but was told to never open it. Pandora's curiosity got the best of her and she wanted a peek which invited sadness and suffering into the world. Even though she tried to take it back, she was unsuccessful. But there was Hope in the box as well which provided a little bit of comfort and Pandora hoped she was never too curious again. This is similar to the story of Adam and Eve with the forbidden fruit in the Garden of Eden.
300
Describe the three social social classes of Sparta.
1. Citizens: ruling class, descendants of Dorians, males
2. Helots: Enslaved people that had been taken over, farmworkers, largest class
3. Free people from neighboring communities under Sparta's control, produced and traded goods for Sparta.
300
Name at least 1 important thing that Hippocrates is remembered for.
He showed that illness came from natural causes rather than curses from the gods.
He wrote rules of behavior for doctors-Hippocratic Oath.
300
Describe how Alexander took the port of Tyre according to legend.
Ordered workers to build a causeway (landbridge) to the island that still exists today.
300
What is a philosopher? Name at least 3 important ones we talked about this chapter and what they were known for.
"Lover of Wisdom"
Socrates- gadfly to question and make people consider what the best life is
Plato- How things should be, rulers should be a person of good character and who is wise, started academy
Aristotle- how things really were, studied biology, astronomy, economics, law, science, sports. Taught Alexander the Great
400
In 1200 BC, the Mycenaean culture suddenly came to an end. Name the 4 factors that explain the fall of the Mycenaeans.
Earthquake
Weak leaders
Food shortages
Dorian migration
400
What unified the Greek city-states? Give as many specific examples as possible.
Mythology + Religion
common ancestor: Hellen
gods:
Zeus= main god, controlled nature and human life
Athena= wisdom and warfare
Aphrodite= love and beauty
Hermes= messenger
Activities
Olympic Games to honor Zeus
Language
Based on Phoenician language
“Alphabet” comes from first two greek letters
400
Name the two leagues created to protect the Greeks from the Persians. Make sure to mention who is included in each.
Peloponnesian League= Sparta and southern city-states
Delian League = Athens, city-states from Attica, Asia-minor, and Aegean Islands
400
What city grew to be an important center of learning during the Hellenistic Age? What characteristics did the Hellenistic Age include?
Alexandria, Egypt became the center for the spread of Greek culture (Hellenistic Age)
Housed a Library and Museum
Developments in Euclid Geometry and other math concepts, Astronomy, Philosophy, Religion, Literature
400
Name the two types of plays written during the Golden Age and who was the most well known play writers.
Tragedies- serious plays with unhappy endings, written by Sophocles
Comedies- light hearted designed to make audience laugh and to poke fun of political leaders or ideas you don't agree with, written by Aristophanes
500
Label the Aegean Sea, Crete, Knossos, Peloponnesus, and Mycenae on the map below.
see key in workbook
500
Compare and Contrast the characteristics of an oligarchy and a democracy.
Oligarchy- few people from ruling class make decisions for everyone. Well ordered and lasting. Kings and Council. Wealthy citizens over the age of 60 elected to life terms. Five officials called Ephors served 1 year terms for day to day governing. Citizen assembly to vote (but not suggest) on new laws.
Democracy- The people rule. men 18+ of all socioeconomic levels, Drawing for council of 500. Council suggested laws and assembly voted on policy
500
Summarize the Peloponnesian war.
The two leagues against each other (Sparta vs Athens).
430 plague killed 25% of Athenian army + Pericles
27 years of fighting
Athens turns to demagogues for leadership
Athens surrenders in 404 BC, Sparta takes control
Athens rebels- restores democracy
500
Where did Alexander the Great control? What plans did he have for further expeditions?
Most powerful leader in Southwestern Asia. From Greek peninsulas in the northwest (Europe), to Egypt in the southwest (Africa), much of southern Asia including the powerful Persians.
Had vision of invading the Indus Valley to the Ganges, and deeper into Northern Africa and into the Arabian Peninsula.
500
Describe the 6 steps involved in the court system of ancient Greece. What roles are involved, especially in our mock trial and what were they responsible for?
Alert the defendant, post a written notice, appear in court to be assigned trial, up to 500 jury selected from volunteers males 30 yrs or older, case presented and jury voted with majority ruling innocent vs guilty, If found guilty each side proposed a punishment and jury picked one to apply.
Other roles-
bailiff (officer who kept order, presented evidence to judge...etc)
Court recorders (scribes who documented the case)
witnesses (people involved on both sides- friends, affected community members...etc)
Attorneys (lawyers who represented the case on behalf of their client)