Test 7
What is the name for the period of peace in the Mediterranean world lasting from 31 BC to AD 180?
Pax Romana
Jerome, a biblical scholar, produced a Latin version of the bible. What was it called and how did it impact Christianity?
Vulgate. The Vulgate became the authorized biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church.
What became the holy city of the Islamic faith?
Mecca
What painful cultural practice was believed to have been started during China’s Song dynasty? List one reason for why it was practiced on young women?
Footbinding. Mark of beauty, social status, symbol of femininity, desirable for marriage.
According to Thomas Aquinas, what happens when reason reaches its limits?
divine revelation completes the journey to truth
Based on the culture at the time, why was Jesus' first appearance after his resurrection considered less trustworthy?
Women weren’t considered reliable witnesses but it adds to the historical legitimacy.
Why was the simple statement "Jesus is Lord" considered a significant and radical declaration in the context of the Roman Empire?
"Jesus is Lord" defied Roman authority by affirming Christ as supreme.
Do Christians and Muslims worship the same God? Give two reasons why or why not.
No; Islam denies the deity of Christ, says Muhammad is the final prophet, Christians believe Christ is the ultimate revealer of the Father and Islam rejects the Trinity.
What were Japanese warriors called?
Samurai
How was Matthew 16 misinterpreted and used to claim that the bishop of Rome has supremacy over all other bishops?
Focus is on Peter’s faith, not being given authority over all Christians. Peter is even corrected by other apostles.
Why did Epicurean philosophy fail to raise the declining moral standards of the Roman Empire?
Epicureanism taught its followers to seek happiness which isn’t centered on temporary pleasure. People interpreted this as permission to do anything that brought them pleasure.
What does the Gospel of Thomas describe about women?
Women don’t deserve life.
What was the Justinian Code and why is it important in history?
The Justinian Code clarified the legal principles of the Roman laws which became the foundation for European political and legal systems.
What was the Examination system and how would it impact China’s history?
A merit-based system for selecting government officials. Maintained Confucian social order, taught administrative skills and impeded innovation.
What were the two earliest universities that began in Europe?
Bologna and Paris
What is the gospel? Explain your answer.
In Greek, it means "Good News," about how Jesus, fully God, humbled Himself by also becoming fully man, offering Himself as the final atoning sacrifice. Through His death and resurrection, He appeased God's wrath, and extended salvation to all who trust in Him.
How does Augustine defend incorporating Greek philosophy into Christian thought?
Augustine believes that all truth belongs to God, regardless of its source, and that Christians should reclaim valuable philosophy while ensuring it remains subordinate to divine revelation.
Contrast the teaching of some Muslim scholars that jihad is merely an inner struggle with the historic practice of jihad.
The history of Jihad has been a history of warfare and violence rather than one of inner struggle.
What biases influenced the Enlightenment's portrayal of the so-called "Dark Ages"?
Enlightenment thinkers, opposing the Church, labeled the Middle Ages as ignorant, ignoring its contributions to science.
What resulted from the decline of the Roman Catholic Church?
The decline led to a shift toward national loyalties rather than loyalty to the church, criticism of the church's doctrine and practice, calls for reform
How did the Huns indirectly contribute to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, even after their power waned? In what year did the Western Roman Empire collapse when a non-Roman was placed on the imperial throne?
The Huns pushed other barbarian groups into Roman territory, drained the Empire's resources, and internal instability accelerated the Western Empire's collapse. 476 AD.
BIEQ: In what ways can believers today inadvertently adopt functional Gnostic views, and how can we correct this perspective?
by prioritizing spiritual experiences or practices like manifesting, which deny the sovereignty of God. Christians should also affirm that the body and soul are redeemed for good works.
How did Islam unite the Arabs?
Islam gave Arabs a unified set of religious practices, sanctioned conquest and the taking of riches, and promised warriors great rewards in Paradise for dying in battle against infidels.
BIEQ: How does St. Patrick’s story challenge the modern church’s approach to missions and cultural engagement?
It proclaims a Christ who influences every aspect of individuals and society, with education rooted in the Bible, Old Testament law as the foundation of the legal system, and a culture shaped by a biblical worldview.
Based on the historical evidence, were the Crusades an unprovoked act of western aggression? Why or why not?
They were a defensive response to centuries of Muslim aggression, not unprovoked Western attacks. Though some Crusaders engaged in evil acts, most acted from faith, not for profit.