Tools
an object that is pressed into a soft material to leave a design or other mark
seal
a city that is its own political unit and has its own ruling government
city-state
roads arranged in a grid and sewer systems
infrastructure
a wind from the south or southwest that brings heavy rainfall to Asia during summer months
monsoon
a command; a responsibility given by an authority
mandate
a channel dug by people; used by boats or for irrigation
canal
a series of rulers who are all rom the same family
dynasty
what causes population size to grow in a civilization
stable food supply
the study of the stars, planets, and other features of outer space
astronomy
a dome-shaped monument where special religious objects are kept and people can worship
stupa
baked or hardened brownish- red clay
terra-cotta
a member of a high social class
noble
kiln-baked bricks that could withstand water
specialization (creating them)
infrastructure (building with them)
the study of ideas about knowledge, life, and truth; literally, the love of wisdom
philosophy
rebirth in a new form of life
reincarnation
to tame and use or agricultural or other purposes
domesticate
a division of society based on differences in wealth, social status, and occupation; a term introduced by the British to describe this element of Indian society
caste
Indian merchants and traders introduced Hindu beliefs, practices, and rituals to the region.
belief systems
deep respect for one's parents
filial piety
a state in which the human soul is at perfect peace
nirvana
record of events
annals
a social organization in which kings, lords, and peasants are bound together by mutual obligations
feudal system
caste system
social structure
a large, flat area of land that is higher than the surrounding lands
plateau
a high moral standard
virtue