People
thinkers who explore profound questions about existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language
philosophers
Name 1 out of 3 groups the Romans absorbed on the Italian Peninsula
Rome subdued neighboring Latin tribes, Etruscans, and Samnites through consistent warfare, establishing colonies and gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula.
Three wars against Carthage for Mediterranean dominance, resulting in Rome's victory and destruction of Carthage
Punic Wars
Two annually elected chief magistrates who commanded armies and administered the state
Consuls
2 or more examples of Roman culture and history that survive today
Aqueducts, Colosseum, Laws, Languages (Romanian, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, French), Gladiators, Pax Romana
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman
Mediterranean
Rome set up colonies throughout the Mediterranean Sea Coast.
Campaigns led by Julius Caesar that brought Gaul (modern France) under Roman rule
Gallic Wars
An advisory body of aristocratic elders, from the patrician class, whose influence often shaped policy
Senate
What is a Pantheon
Bonus (+100): What are world class collections that display History
An ancient temple, now a church, famous for its massive dome. Dedicated to many Roman gods.
Bonus: Museums
Roman politician, orator, and the most famous of the assassins of Julius Caesar
Marcus Brutus
By this year Rome had conquered the entire Italian peninsula
264 BC/BCE
Conflict with Italian allies (Socii) demanded what from Rome?
Citizenship
Groups of citizens who elected officials and passed laws
Assemblies
The massive amphitheater for gladiator contests and public spectacle
Colosseum
He was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders
Who is Alexander the Great
The make up of Rome's Army
Citizen-Soldiers
How did Rome end the conflict with Carthage?
They razed the city, salted the earth, and sold the people into slavery
Representatives of the plebians
Tribunes
Famous Baroque fountain where visitors toss coins
Trevi Fountain
The queen of Egypt
Cleopatra
Political & Economic Needs
Desire for land, resources (grain, minerals), wealth, ports, and strategic security against perceived threats
Caesar defeats Pompey
Battle of Pharsalus (Civil War)
How far did Rome expand?
Rome expanded from the Italian peninsula to dominate the Mediterranean through military conquest
Beautiful public squares bustling with life
Piazzas