Chapters 1-4
Who were Romulus and Remus?
the twin brothers who, according to legend, founded Rome
Who conquered Gaul and became a dictator during the last days of the Roman Republic?
Julius Caesar
Rome’s provinces were connected to one another and the capital by what?
well-built roads.
How was Pompeii destroyed?
It was buried by a volcanic eruption
How did the Roman army change as the empire declined?
It grew weaker, and many soldiers stole food to survive.
Did the Romans believe in one god, or many gods and goddesses?
many gods and goddesses.
Who assassinated Julius Caesar?
Roman senators, including Caesar’s friend Brutus
What symbol of Rome was built on a hill in Rome to honor the king of the gods?
the Temple of Jupiter
Why is Pompeii important to archaeologists?
Its buildings and objects were well preserved for centuries.
Who was Constantine?
the first Roman emperor to accept Christianity
In the Roman Republic, who were the patricians?
members of powerful and wealthy families
What was the queen of Egypt who helped Marc Antony named?
Cleopatra
What did Romans watch at the Colosseum?
fights between gladiators and wild beasts
What was the Pax Romana?
two hundred years of peace in the Roman Empire
The Western Roman Empire ended in what year?
476 CE
In the Roman Republic, who were the plebeians?
poor working men and women
Who became known as Caesar Augustus, Rome’s first emperor, after he took power?
Octavian
What did Romans watch at the Circus Maximus?
chariot races
During the Pax Romana, Rome grew
wealthier and larger
Define the word "empire"
a group of countries or territories under the control of one ruler
Who did Rome fight against in the Punic Wars?
Carthage
The Roman Empire spread over nearly all the lands surrounding which sea?
Mediterranean Sea
Define the word "citizen"
a person who belongs to a country and has protections under that country’s laws
Why did the Romans persecute the Christians?
The Christians had different religious beliefs
Define the word "republic"
a government in which people elect others to represent them