Definitions
Define - Triumvirate.
A triumvirate is a group of three people who share power.
What event happened in 509 BCE?
The monarchy (and the tyrant king) are overruled and the Roman Republic is set up.
Where is Rome situated?
Italy.
What was the role of the Aediles?
Maintained the city of Rome and managed public games.
Was Julius Caesar born into a patrician or plebian family?
Patrician
Define - Veto
Latin phrase for 'I forbid' - Politicians used this to block laws in the Senate.
What happened in 44 BCE? (15th or Ides of March).
Julius Caesar is assassinated and stabbed by Brutus and other senators.
What is the name of the river that runs through Rome?
The Tiber River
Judges of Rome and would later become governors once their term finished.
What are three achievements that he did that made him popular?
Greatly expanded Rome, made the army more efficient, reorganized the army structure, reduced the influence of the Senate, changed the calendar, built new and better infrastructure and gave land to veterans.
Define - Pax Romana
Latin phrase for 'Roman' Peace. Golden age of Rome that lasted for 200 years.
Who were Romulus and Remus?
Twins who were supposedly the sons of Mars (god of war) and who were abandoned. Brought up by a female wolf and eventually built Rome. Romulus would end up killing his brother and Rome would be named after him.
How many hills is Rome built on.
7
In your books, draw up the social structure of the Roman Republic. Who is at the top? Who is at the bottom?
1. Patricians - wealthy landowners and held government positions. They were the nobility of Rome.
2. Equites (Equestrians) - Middle class of Rome. They were rich merchants and commanders of the army. They also collected taxes and held government positions.
3. Plebians - Poor people of Rome. Worked as skilled and unskilled labor. Were craftsmen, farmers, servants, and shopkeepers.
4. Slaves - No rights or freedoms. They were considered to be property. They were brought back from conquered lands, and sometimes became gladiators. Could gain their freedom.
What is the role of:
a) the aqueduct
b) the Colosseum
c) the temples
a) to transport water from one place to another
b) for performances, gladiator fights and public executions.
c) to worship the gods
Define - Cursus Honorum
Latin phrase for 'ladder of honor' - Ladder of achievement throughout the political structure. People who moved up this ladder needed at least 10 years of military experience.
What happened in 27 BCE?
Augustus comes to power and emperor and brings in the Roman empire, effectively ending the Republic era.
What are the names of the two mountain ranges that surround Rome?
The Alps and the Apennine.
What was the difference between civilians (citizens) and non-civilians.
Citizen: Full rights, Voted at 25 years, Could not be tortured or crucified, Could serve in the army, Could be elected to government positions.
Non- citizens like slaves had little to none of these rights.
Who were the gladiators?
Slaves, criminals or volunteers who either fought for glory or for their freedom.
Define - Empire
A series of lands/countries being ruled under one leader known as an emperor.
What happens in 80 CE?
The Colosseum is opened by Emperor Vespasian and his son and the inaugural games are held for 100 days.
Explain how the Tiber River influenced the development of Rome. (Positives and Negatives)
Negative --> Destructive floods destroyed crops and lead to many deaths.
How would Roman society be described (in 1 word)?
Strict or rigid
Name three types of gladiators?
Andabatus, Bestarius, Gladiatrix, Retiarus, and Cestus