Who's that Pharoh?
(~ 3270 - 2990 BCE) Pharaoh of the Early Dynastic period who united upper and lower Egypt. Known for the Narmar Pallete (a ceremonial palette depicting the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the divine king.)
Narmar
The greatest collection of writings in the ancient world. Founded in city of Alexandria and a research institute in the city of Alexandria organized and funded by the Ptolemaic rulers.
The period of time following the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Characterized by an increasingly specialized and expansive state administration + a strong institution of kingship + the beginnings of writing and the emergence of early political art (such as the Narmar Palette.)
Early Dynastic Period
A battle between the Hittites and Egypt. Both sides say that they won but the battle ended with a treaty saying the two nations were united and at peace.
Battle of Kadesh/Qadesh
A collection of religious spells which were thought to be helpful to the deceased in the afterlife. Indicates that access to the divine afterlife became more widespread (the democratization of the afterlife) because mortuary texts and spells were no longer elusive to royals and the elite.
Book of the Dead
(2649 - 2611 BCE) Old Kingdom pharaoh who built the first step pyramid. His reign was marked by great technological innovation in stone architecture.
Djoser
Temple built by Ramses II that was carved out of sandstone cliffs. At it's entrance four incredibly large and tall statues show Ramses as pharaoh.
Abu Simbel
A centralized government came into power and pushed back on regionalism and local rulers. Characterized by expanding influence outside Egypt + campaigns in Nubia and Palestine + economic prosperity + and standardized religion with the growth of the Osiris cult
Middle Kingdom
An empire during the 7th and 8th centuries BCE that covered much of what is now Mesopotamia + Syria + Palestine + Egypt and Anatolia.
Assyrian Empire
The image of the god or goddess was carried inside a portable enclosed shrine, which was placed on a model _____ (boat)
Barque
(1390 BCE - 1352 BCE) New Kingdom pharaoh whose reign was characterized by colossal statues and construction and few military campaigns. He emphasized the sun-god and self-deified himself.
Amenhotep III
A large and famous temple built by Hatshepsut. Her chief architect Senenmut was responsible for the design.
Deir El-Bahri
The time after the Second Intermediate Period when Egypt became an empire ruled by strong pharaohs. Characterized by greater trade and overseas contact
New Kingdom
An empire during the 7th and 8th centuries BCE that covered much of what is now Mesopotamia + Syria + Palestine + Egypt and Anatolia.
Persian Empire
The wife of Amenhotep III and mother of Akhenaten. Tiye had a significant amount of influence over the reign of both her husband and her son as she played an active role in both of their reigns both with domestic and foreign affairs.
Tiye
(1479 - 1425 BCE) Son of Hatshepsut. A great conqueror as many new lands were brought under control under his reign. Established dominance over Palestine and campaigned in Levant.
Thutmose III
A fortress designed for defense and intimidation built along the Egypt-Nubia border. It was the height of military technology at the time.
Buhen
Divided into four periods: The Saite Dynasty + the first Persian period + independent Egypt and the second Persian period. A time of political unrest and unease characterized by multiple invasions and occupations by Assyrians and Persians.
Late Period Egypt
200 AD. A Roman quarry in the eastern desert of Egypt. It consisted of a garrison, a quarrying site, and civilian and workers' quarters. Granodiorite was mined for the Roman Empire where it was used as a building material.
Mons Claudianus
This man popularized full brother-sister marriage.
Ptolemy II
(1478 - 1458 BCE) The mother of Thutmose III who ruled both as regent and as a full pharaoh. She was a prolific builder and statues of her display both feminine and masculine attributes and emphasis her connection to the gods. During her rule she also sponsored a trade expedition to Punt. Around 20 years after her death her statues and tombs along with the tomb of her chief architect Senenmut
Hatshepsut
A massive gateway formed by a pair of tapering walls of oblong shape. Erected by ancient Egyptians to mark the entrance to a temple complex.
Pylon
The period in Egyptian history that began shortly after Egypt was unified. Characterized by a large centrally organized state + large state-organized building projects and diverse religious beliefs.
Old Kingdom
Used as protection from the sun and ailments when applied around eyes.
Kohl
Caesar's adopted son who defeated Mark Anthony for title of ruler of Rome after Caesar's death.