Early Societies 🌾
What is prehistory?
The time before history, meaning the time before written language had come around to keep records.
What is a plebeian vs. a patrician?
A plebeian is a commoner. Not necessarily poor but not super rich. A patrician is a rich person, especially one with a lot of political power.
What is the Eightfold Path?
A Buddhist guidelines on how to live your life to help you reach Nirvana.
What was a peasant vs. a serf?
A serf was a peasant. The difference is that a serf was bound to serve a lord and knights.
What's the difference between a direct democracy and republic?
A direct democracy is a government form where the people themselves vote on laws. In a republic, the people vote for representatives to decide on laws.
What is a forager?
A person who gets their food from hunting and gathering.
Compare Sparta and Athens
Sparta was much more militaristic and was ruled by an oligarchy (a small handful of people ruled). It was also very isolated geographically from Greece. Athens was one of the earliest democracies and was very open to trade around and outside Greece. Was a cultural center.
What is dharma and karma?
Hindu Ideals
Dharma: one's duty in life
Karma: the total of all the good and bad you have done by the end of your life
What was the Inquisition?
A court that found and tried people for being heretics to Christianity. Known for its brutality, including public floggings, torture, and killings.
What impact did symbolic language have on humans?
They could communicate with one another to better reach their goals together.
The Code of Hammurabi was...
The first comprehensive legal code.
Why were the Punic Wars significant?
They were fought between the growing Roman and Carthaginian Empires. It was a battle for dominance of trade in the Mediterranean Sea. Carthage was destroyed.
The Trinity is..
How did monks and nuns support European communities?
They spread hopeful religious messages, helped set up and build schools and hospitals, provided charity for the poor, copied ancient texts, etc.
What were the Crusades?
Religious campaigns by Christians to reclaim Jerusalem and the holy land. Largely unsuccessful.
What is the difference between a state and empire?
A state is a community of people with a common belief that unites them, and a government to maintain order.
A governing system where a “center” governs over its surrounding “outsiders,” usually through force, power, or influence. Is usually larger than a state.
Why did the Senate fear Julius Caesar?
They feared he was too powerful as dictator, and that he would destroy the Roman Republic.
What is the key reason for the split between Shia and Sunni Muslims?
Shia: descendants of Muhammad should be the only people considered to become caliph (leader) of Islam
Sunni: the best possible candidate should be chosen as the caliph of Islam
What change in Europe led to the rapid growth of cities?
What Roman Emperor is best known for dividing the empire into 2 separate empires?
What were drawbacks of agricultural living (compared to foraging)?
The food was less nutritious, it required lots of times and labor, and it led to social hierarchies forming.
Describe key differences between the Eastern and Western Roman Empires:
East: strong army, paid off invaders, competent and long-lasting rulers, good tax system, capital easy to defend
West: weak army, treated "barbarians" poorly, rulers died very often, broke tax system did not generate funds, society in general had low morale and were not unified
Why was Muhammad important?
He was the prophet of Islam. He spread the religion and converted people to the religion. He is the main authority of Islam only behind Allah.
Describe how feudalism worked:
What is the caste system?
A hierarchy (in India) where people are born into certain jobs and roles for their life.