Cleaning
Group of compounds used to minimize or inhibit staining on heated surfaces
What are chelate additives
Better sanitizer to use on bacterial spores
What are oxidizing sanitizers ( hypochlorite / Peracetic acid)
Term for breaking up of fats and oils and colloidally suspending them in solution
What is emulsification
Type of surfactant to use only on UF and MF membranes
What are nonionic surfactants
A 3 Log reduction of an organism is ___ percent reduction
What is 99.9% reduction
The Big 8 allergens are primarily composed of ____ and should use a _____ cleaner to remove.
What are proteins, chlorinated alkaline ( bonus ..hydrogen peroxide alkali if not able to use chlorine)
Gram negative, facultative anaerobic pathogen in dry powder infant formula
What is Cronobacter sakazakii (previously Enterobacter)
Group of additives used to help sequester mineral, lower surface tension, and emulsify soil.
What are polyphosphates
Selective separation of univalent ions from multivalent ions, along with the pass through of very low molecular weight molecules
What is Nanofiltration
The reduction of microorganisms to a safe level that will not cause illness.
What is Sanitization
Two primary benefits of surfactants in cleaning solutions
What are lower surface tension, and solubilize or emulsify fats
Most commonly used sanitizer in CIP Systems
What are acid sanitizers
Material added to help prevent corrosion and name at least 3 products which contain it
What are silicates, Bio-Foam SM & Dyna-Chlor SM, Blitz SM, Restore LF, Restore HF
Proper RO CIP feed flow range (per pressure vessel) for an 8 inch diameter element
What is 30-40 GPM ( 35-45 GPM full fit)
Type of enzyme used to breakdown protein soil on an RO system
What is a protease enzyme
A mixture consisting of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles suspended throughout another substance.
What is a colloid
Example: Milk
Quaternary ammonium sanitizers are most effective on this type of bacteria
What are gram-positive bacteria
Enzyme used to breakdown complex polysaccharides
What is cellulase ( Micro-Zyme CLT)
The product water of reverse osmosis is corrosive because ___________ are removed that reduce the _______________ capacity of the water.
What are ions and buffering
What evaporator "falls" into the most common type seen in our industry
What is the Falling Film Tube Evaporator
(MVR Mechanical Vapor Recompression)
(TVR Thermal Vapor Recompression)
Mineral which can leave a gray/white film, precipitates, inert and can foul membranes
What is silica
Per EPA label, San-tec 6 fogging concentration range
What is 123- 172 mg/L PAA ( 1.0 - 1.4 fl. oz / 4 gallons or 0.195 - 0.273 % vol/vol)
Point at which a surfactant aggregates, surface tension exponentially decreases and detergency exponentially increases
Critical Micelle Concentration
Calculate the flux of a membrane filter if it contains 750 sq. ft. of filter area and operates for 20 hours at a flow rate of 50 GPM. Assume that the water temperature is 20oC.
What is 80 gal / ft2 per day
(50 gallons per minute x 60 minutes per hour x 20 hours per day = gallons per day. 60,000 gallons per day / 750 sq. ft. = 80 gallons per square foot per day)
pH which a protein molecule is at a net charge of zero.
Isoelectric point
~ pH 4.6 most proteins