Procedure
In Andrade, what state were the participants in before the experiment?
Participants were bored and tired. They were ready to go home but were asked to do another experiment.
Did participants give fully informed consent for Andrade?
No. This could be distressful because they may not remember the unexpected memory test.
What is the aim of Andrade?
To find out whether doodling assisted information processing by increasing attentiveness or by enhancing memory.
What is a strength of Andrade?
It was a lab experiment, which limits uncontrolled variables (listening at a comfortable rate).
How many participants in Andrade?
There were 40 participants.
What did the participants listen to while they were asked to record names?
A monotonous recording of a mock telephone call about a party.
What is one good ethical practice for Andrade?
Participants were debriefed and were given an apology for the deception/misleading of the test.
What was the first aim of Saavedra & Silverman?
Examine the role of classical conditioning in relation to fear and avoidance of a particular
stimulus.
Name 2 weaknesses for Andrade
Participant panel(people who might have interest in psychology) which lowers validity because of bias. There was also a lack of self-reports which would have been helpful for recording daydreaming in participants.
How many participants for Saavedra & Silverman?
1 participant
What is a procedure of Saavedra and silverman?
Researchers and boy created a hierarchy of feared stimuli with each item.
What was an ethical issue for Saavedra & Silverman?
Exposure to distressing stimuli, but overall
the goal was to improve quality of life and
minimize psychological distress.
What was the second aim of Saavedra & Silverman?
Can exposure therapy reduce the disgust and
distress associated with buttons in their case study?
Name one strength for Saavedra & Silverman
There were standardized measures(thermometer)
before, during, and after therapy.
What was the main gender of the participants in Andrade?
The gender was mostly female, there were only2 males in control group, 3 males in the
experimental (doodling) group.
What was the Positive Reinforcement Therapy?
It was when the boy was rewarded by his mom for showing less fear and for actually handling buttons.
Was there anonymity for the participant?
Boy’s anonymity was preserved (privacy)
What is the correct word for this blank in this sentence: Will doodling assist information processing (attend a task more effectively, enhance _____)?
memory
Name another strength other than standardized measures for Saavedra & Silverman.
It was highly valid: long period of time using
several different data collection methods.
Describe the participant for Saavedra & Silverman.
He was a 9-year-old boy, Hispanic-American.
What was the Imagery Exposure Therapy?
It was when they asked him to imagine buttons falling on him and to think about look/smell/feel. Exposure progressed from large to small buttons and then self-reports taken on thermometer
Was there informed consent for Saavedra & Silverman?
Yes. There was informed consent from the kid and
parent.
Fill in the blank- Examine the role of _______ in relation to fear and avoidance of a particular
stimulus
classical conditioning
What were the weaknesses for Saavedra & Silverman?
It was only 1 person, subjective rating of fear/disgust, high risk of bias (researchers build rapport/relationship with participant), demand characteristics.
For Saavedra & Silverman, give a detailed description of what the sample of participants consisted of?
The 40 participants were divided into 2 groups(each had 20 females in them). In addition, 2 males in control group, 3 males in the experimental (doodling) group. It is important to note that these participants came from the general population with ages ranging from 18-55.