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Patho/Evaluation
Patho/Diagnosis
Planning
Implementation
Cultural/Labs/Nutrition
100
A nurse evaluates her discharge teaching as successful when the patient with this type of anemia demonstrates understanding of the following teaching point. “Avoid strenuous exercise, vasoconstricting medications, cold temperatures, unpressurized aircraft, and high altitudes”.
What is Sickle Cell Anemia – Conditions that provoke hypoxia or vasoconstriction should be avoided.
100
A patient presents to the health care provider with the following signs/symptoms and the nurse correctly anticipates a diagnosis of this type of anemia? Weakness, pallor, fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, fissures at the corner of the mouth, brittle/coarsely ridged/spoon-shaped/concave nails.
What is Iron Deficiency Anemia
100
These are administered to help with severe pain from tissue injury caused by poor oxygenation from obstructed blood flow in sickle cell disease.
What is opioid analgesics?
100
Increasing the oral intake of red meat, organ meat, egg yolks, kidney beans, leafy green vegetables, and raisins helps to increase this in iron deficiency anemia.
What is iron?
100
A religious group called the Jehovah's Witnesses teaches that people should not receive blood transfusions. This is because of a passage in the Old Testament that disallows the Jews from consuming blood. In the United States, adult Jehovah's Witnesses who are of sound mind are legally allowed to refuse a blood transfusion, even if that means they will die. They are not permitted, however, to refuse a life-saving transfusion on behalf of who?
Who is a child
200
This type of anemia causes pancytopenia (deficiency of RBC, WBC, and platelets)
What is Aplastic Anemia – Results from injury to or destruction of stem cells in the bone marrow or the bone marrow matrix, causing pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia (underdevelopment).
200
An adult with this type of anemia usually has no hematologic manifestations or abnormal laboratory findings other than the presence of hemoglobin S and they may even be unaware that they have a hematologic problem until an acute illness is present or when anesthesia is administered.
What is Sickle Cell Anemia – In Sickle Cell Anemia a mutation occurs wherein the patient has two HbS genes usually resulting in 80-100% of the total hemoglobin being abnormal. A person with only one HbS gene has “sickle cell trait” and will only have mild manifestations of the disease when precipitating conditions are present because less than 40% of the hemoglobin is abnormal.
200
These types of fluids are used in patients with sickle cell disease because the blood volume is usually hypertonic as a result of dehydration.
What is hypotonic? - Using hypotonic fluid helps bring the blood osmolarity back down to the normal range of 270-300 mOsm.
200
Patients should take iron supplements at this time for better absorption and to decrease GI distress.
What is between meals?
200
This type of anemia is particularly common among people whose ancestors come from sub-Saharan Africa; Spanish-speaking regions (South America, Cuba, Central America); Saudi Arabia; India; and Mediterranean countries such as Turkey, Greece, and Italy.
What is Sickle Cell Anemia
300
A patient presenting with signs of anemia who also has one of the following disorders would be most likely to have which type of anemia? Systemic lupus erythematosus, lymphoma, or leukemia.
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia – In this type of anemia, the immune system produces antibodies that attack a person’s own RBCs for unknown reasons.
300
A patient is pale, jaundice, has a beefy red tongue, is experiencing paresthesias and has poor balance. They also just had a small bowel resection. Which type of anemia will they most likely be diagnosed with?
Pernicious Anemia – is caused by a deficiency of intrinsic factor (a substance normally secreted by the gastric mucosa) which is needed for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12.
300
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!! This is important during an episode of hemolysis to prevent debris and hemoglobin from collecting in the kidney tubules.
What is hydration? Collection of debris and hemoglobin in the kidney tubules can lead to acute kidney failure.
300
When anemia causes disability or bleeding become life-threatening as a result of thrombocytopenia, this type of treatment may be needed.
What is a blood transfusion?
300
Diets high in ________ and low in _______ can cause many types of anemia and decrease functions of all blood cells.
What is high in fat/carbohydrates and low in protein/iron/vitamins
400
A Reticulocyte count is a hematologic test helpful in determining bone marrow function. A reticulocyte is an immature RBC that still has its nucleus. Which type of anemia would this test be useful in diagnosing?
What is Aplastic Anemia - a deficiency of circulating RBC because of failure of the bone marrow to produce these cells.
400
Hemoglobin electrophores would be useful in diagnosing which type of anemia?
What is Sickle Cell Anemia - detects abnormal forms of hemoglobin, sugh as hemoglobin S in sickle cell disease
400
What should a pregnant patient plan to take to prevent anemia?
What are folic acid supplements. - pregnant patients, older debilitated patients, those with alcoholism, and patients at risk for malnutrition have increased folic acid requirements.
400
In folic acid deficiency anemia, prevention should begin by identifying these high-risk patients.
What are older, debilitated patients with alcoholism, patients at risk for malnutrition, and patients with increased folic acid requirements.
400
The serum ferritin test measures _____?
What is the amount of free iron present in the plasma
500
In folic acid anemia, prevention should begin by identifying these high-risk patients.
What are older, debilitated patients with alcoholism, patients at risk for malnutrition, and patients with increased folic acid requirements?
500
This test is used for blood typing, and detects RBC antibodies that may be attached to a persons healthy RBCs. The presence of these antibodies can cause hemolytic anemia.
What is the Coombs’ test
500
Concerns about ___________ can lead to inadequate pain treatment in patients with sickle cell anemia.
What is substance abuse. - Management of substance abuse and SCD poses many challenges, because the patient usually cannot be expected to be totally opioid-free. Addicted patients with acute pain crisis may need opioids for short periods.
500
When iron deficiency anemia is severe iron solutions may be given using the _____ IM injection method?
What is the Z-track method.
500
A patient inherited the following genes from their parents. (HbS & HbA). This patient is: a. completely unaffected, b. carrier sickle cell trait, c. affected sickle cell?
What is b. - carrier of sickle cell trait HbA & HbA = unaffected HbS & HbS = affected sickle cell