IV anesthesia
word that describes how drug moves from site of administration into the blood stream
what is absorption
The concentration of anesthetic that prevents movement in 50% of patients in response to standardized stimulus such as surgical incision
what is MAC (minimum alveolar concentration)
"sniffing" position
flexion of cervical spine and extension of atlanto- occipital joint
the most commonly used depolarizing muscle relaxant
what is succinylcholine
Used to monitor exhaled CO₂ and detect apnea or circuit disconnection instantly
what is capnography
3 drugs that can be used as "pre medication" prior to IV induction agent
what is midazolam, opioids, metoclopramide
3 signs of light anesthesia
what is hypertension, tachycardia, movement, tears, or sweating
This equation helps estimate ETT sizing in children
what is:
uncuffed: age/4 + 4 = size (interior diameter)
cuffed: age/4 + 3.5 = size
The effect on ICP from inhaled anesthetics
*must be careful in neuro cases*
Difficult intubations require careful preparation to ensure that these equipments/tools are available (multiple correct answers)
what is: ET tube (several sizes), laryngoscope, syringe, stylet, oral airway, source of oxygen, suction, monitors, medications
5 most commonly used iv anesthetics
what are propofol, thiopental, benzodiazepines, ketamine, etomidate
what are halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, ether
*NITROUS OXIDE is a gas at room temperature*
3 risk factors that increase aspiration (multiple correct answers)
what are:
recent meal, GI hemorrhage, any intestinal occlusion, slow gastric emptying (pregnant, critically ill, head trauma, untreated GERD, high opioid dosages), increased intra abdominal pressure
The combination of bradycardia, nausea vomiting, and hypotension in a OB patient after spinal anesthesia
what is high spinal
This device removes carbon dioxide from exhaled gas in a circle breathing system
induction dose of IV propofol
2-3mg/kg
less if patient is older/frail
Between isoflurane and sevoflurane, this agent is more commonly used for induction
What is sevoflurane is more commonly used for induction?
isoflurane is pungent and not useful for induction. However it is cheaper and commonly used for maintenance
2 maneuvers that can help with difficulty intubation
what is the sellick maneuver and cricoid pressure
This airway complication presents with stridor and respiratory distress shortly after extubation, especially in children.
what is laryngospasm
This small plastic filter prevents infection by filtering inspired and expired gases in the circuit
what is an HME filter
antidote of benzodiazepines
what is flumazenil 0.1-0.2 mg up to 1mg IV
the medication used for treatment of malignant hyperthermia
what is dantrolene
Level of cardiac accelerator fibers
what is t1-t5 (upper thoracic region)
This ventilator setting prevents alveolar collapse at the end of expiration and improves oxygenation
what is PEEP