Anatomy
Medical Conditions
Pre-Intra-Postop
Positioning
Neuromonitoring
100
Apart from the top two neck vertebrae, each vertebra is separated by this.
What is intervertebral disc?
100
This spine deformity is characterized by anterior flexion of the spine and lateral curvature.
What is Kyphoscoliosis?
100
This is checked before doing surgery on the neck or any surgery in general.
What is neck movement or ability to extend neck?
100
In this position, to ensure low venous pressures and decrease blood loss, this should be checked.
What is abdoment hanging free of pressure?
100
This type of IOM monitors the motor movements of the ventral corticospinal tract.
What is MEP monitoring?
200
This is the jelly-like substance in the center of the disc.
What is nucleus pulposus?
200
This medical condition involves symmetrical polyarthropathy, significant systemic involvment and atlantoaxial instability.
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
200
If the patient has an unstable spine, this type of intubation should be done.
What is an awake fiberoptic/maintain inline stabilization?
200
Padding of the eyes will help prevent this condition.
What is POVL?
200
Increase in latency by 10% and a decrease in amplitude by 50%.
What is a significant change in SSEP?
300
Intervertebral disc herniation and spinal stenosis.
What are the most common indications for spine/back surgery?
300
This joint disease is caused by abnormal joint loading and injury from biomechanical stress.
What is osteoarthritis?
300
This is done to to evaluate integrity of spinal cord and nerve roots.
What is Intraoperative neuromonitoring?
300
This catastrophic, sometimes fatal, condition is caused by exposure to a large area of the bone during a laminectomy.
What is Venous Air Embolism (V.A.E.)?
300
Etomidate and Ketamine increases the amplitude of this type of IOM.
What is SSEP?
400
What is 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 5 Sacrum, 4 Coccyx
OR 7 Cervical, 12 Thoracic, 5 Lumbar, 1 Sacrum, 1 Coccyx
400
90% of people with this condition get better in 30 days and it can be treated with ESI and NSAIDs.
What is acute back pain?
400
This med can be given before and at the end of surgery to decrease blood loss, and it DOES not increase the risk of thromboembolism, MI, and stroke.
What is Tranxemic Acid (TXA)
400
The Wilson frame is a risk factor for this catastrophic complication.
What is ischemic optic neuropathy/POVL?
400
Ketamine and Etomidate can increase the amplitude of of scalp-recorded waves by 200% to 600% in this type of IOM.
What is SSEP neuromonitoring?