Vitamins
Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting and bone health?
Vitamin K
What is the RDA for iron?
Women 19-50: 18 mg/day
Men and women > 50: 8 mg/day
What is the most abundant mineral in the body?
Calcium
What is the total body water?
60%
What are some symptoms of hyponatremia?
Bloating, puffy from water retention, confusion, seizure, vomiting, the umbles (medical term used to describe the early stages of hypothermia)
Which vitamin deficiency can leas to neural tube defects and affect rapidly dividing cells?
Folate
Which mineral functions in DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis, growth & development, keeps immune system healthy & helps wounds heal, involved in taste acuity, and synthesizes heme portion of hemoglobin?
Zinc
Which mineral functions in the mineralization of bones and teeth; is part of phospholipids, important in genetic material, energy metabolism, and acid base balance? (toxicity leads to the calcification of soft tissues, particularly the kidneys)
Phosphorus
What food items are 90-99% water?
Nonfat milk, cantaloupe, strawberries, watermelon, lettuce, cabbage, celery, spinach, squash
Where does the sodium-potassium pump transfer sodium?
Back into the extracellular fluid
Which vitamin functions as a coenzyme component involved in catabolism and anabolism of carbs, protein, and fats? (deficiency is pellagra)
Niacin (B3)
Which mineral has a toxicity similar to radiation poisoning? Food sources include organ meats, seafood, ricotta cheese, and brazil nuts?
Selenium
Which mineral has a toxicity from nonfood sources only and can lead to diarrhea, pH imbalance, and dehydration?
Magnesium
What keeps water from collecting in the cells?
Osmotic pressure
What electrolyte helps maintain blood pH and fluid balance and plays a role in white blood cells in destruction of foreign invaders?
Chloride
Which vitamin is a coenzyme component of flavoproteins, which help transport electrons to the mitochondria to produce ATP?
Riboflavin (B2)
Which mineral functions as an enzyme antioxidant, a cofactor for myelin surrounding nerves, assists election transfer electron transport chain, and essential for iron transport and absorption?
Copper
Which mineral is important in helping strands of protein assume their functional shapes?
Sulfur
What electrolyte regulates fluid balance, facilitates glucose absorption, nerve transmission and muscle contraction, and is regulated by kidneys?
Sodium
What electrolyte helps maintain fluid balance, is needed for contraction of muscles and conduction of nerve impulses, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, is a buffer for acid base balance, and is mostly controlled by aldosterone hormone?
Potassium
Which vitamin deficiency leads to pernicious anemia and needs intrinsic factor for absorption?
B12 (Cobalamin)
Which mineral functions as a cofactor for enzymes required for carbohydrate and cholesterol metabolism, bone formation, and the synthesis of urea?
Manganese
Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels are high?
Calcitonin
What happens to a cell if it is placed in a solution that is more concentrated in dissolved particles than the cell itself?
Becomes hypertonic
What is the process that consumes energy?
Anabolism