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Parental care
ethologists
Aggression
Surprise
Short answers
100
Biparental care is necessary for___
What is altricial animals or those born very immature
100
What did Karl Von Frisch study
What is Bees communitcan
100
Name the most common cause for intra-species aggression?
Food & mates
100
Inclusive fitness entails ___& ___ and was advocated by___
What is direct and indirect fitness Who was Hamilton
100
According to Robert Trivers what are 3 issues in parenting?
Cost of investing in an offspring, delaying reproduction & survival of self & offspring.. Briefly describe each for the exam...
200
Association Hypothesis is__
The suggestion that the parent who is present during the birth of its offspring will do most of the parental care.
200
Who studied fixed action patterns in Sticklebacks?
Who was Tinbergen
200
Stable Polymorphism means?
What is the Dove-Hawk theory indicating as one becomes more dominant (hawk) there will be more Doves born to keep the ratio stable.
200
Why do some animals engage in infanticide?
Low food supply & other environmental conditions
200
What affects Parent-offspring conflicts according to Robert Trivers?
What is 1. Age of parent 2. age of offspring (wining delays reporduction 3. Mating systems (stable k-selected more parenting) 4. Life span of parents - longer lived invest less 1 offspring (some cases)
300
In external fertilization both___can raise the offspring.
Female & male
300
Who as the first to classify animals
Who was Aristotle
300
Moyer 1968 what are 3 classes of Intraspecies aggression
What is resources (food), fear induced, Parental fear, Mating, irritable aggression (unpredictable) Territorial
300
What is brood parasitism? and What birds engage in this?
What is the act of a bird laying its eggs in another birds nest to raise their offspring. Who is Cowbirds, Cuckoo birds & honeyguides.
300
The emotional lives of animals are beginning to be scientifically investigated. Researchers once believed that humans have more complex emotions than animals, is this still the general belief among biologists and animal behaviorists? (hint: movie “Why dogs smile and chimpanzees cry”). In addition how can we explain and understand the behavior of primates and other animals in more depth?
Researcher's now know that animals feel emotions & can scientifically test this by studying species-specific changes that occur when an animal experiences a loss of a troop member or infant. They as Darwin would say " Animals are quantitatively different not qualitatively different than humans"
400
Why do parents favor one offspring or refuse to raise one?
What is insurance against failure & environmental uncertainty
400
Name 3 ethologists?
Who are Tinbergen, Lorenz & Karl Von Frisch
400
What does the linear Hierarchy entail?
what is a ranking system 1. alpha 2. Beta 3. omega
400
What's the difference between Brood parasitism & Nesting parasites?
What is brood p lay eggs in different species nest & provide no parental care. Nesting parasites lay one egg in the nest of conspecific but raise some of their own.
400
The study of animal behavior began with Darwin & his theory of evolution. Explain how his contributions such as “natural selection” & “survival of the fittest,” relates to our current understanding of animal behavior
Start by defining Darwin's theory & how he developed his idea of natural selection & survival of the fittest. Use examples like the finches & how his theory has shaped what we know about animals today??
500
Why do females usually provide parental care (3)
What is Males potential to reproduce is reduced compared with Females 2. Reliability of paternity (experiment) 3. Females indirectly controls offspring's health (mammals)
500
What was Darwin's greatest contribution to animal behavior
His research on the Gallopus Island & book Origin Species
500
Who developed the Game Theory? What is it?
John Maynard Smith (1974) the Hawk & Dove Strategies so some animals fight others withdraw & is genetically influenced.
500
Explain the difference between classical conditioning & operant conditioning?
What is paired associations or stimuli occurs in CC whereas operant conditioning entails an animal acting on its environment and good positive outcomes will induce an increase in this behavior.CC is involuntary & OC voluntary.
500
Throughout, the semester we have discussed what is innate in animals or species specific & what is learned. Discuss how researchers may determine what is innate vs. how animal learn via classical & operant conditioning.
What is innate- instinctual, wired into the species at birth & species specific Learned- is an acquired behavior & permanently alters behavior if it enhances its survival