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100
The way an organism reacts to stimuli in its environment is called
behavior
100
Spiders knowing how to build webs perfectly and piglets knowing how to suckle from their mother the moment they are born is this type of behavior.
What is instinct or innate behavior?
100
A threatening behavior with which an animal exerts dominance over another is
Aggression
100
Identify two ways in which social behavior can benefit an animal.
Sample answer: If a group searches for food, it is more likely to find it than if an individual searches; a large group is safer from predators than an individual is.
100
CHAPTER MYSTERY:How do vibrations in the ground compare with air- borne sounds as a means of long-distance communication?
Ground vibrations are more effective than air vibrations as a means of long-distance communication because ground vibrations travel about twice as far.
200
A decrease in response to a stimulus that neither rewards nor harms an animal is called
habituation
200
Biologist think innate behaviors (instincts) are hard-wired into this system of the animal.
What is nervous system?
200
Each year, a bird called the American redstart travels from its winter home in South America to its nesting area in New York. This behavior is called
migration
200
Explain how aggression and territorial behavior are related.
Animals exhibit aggression or threatening behav- iors to establish a territory and defend it when a rival tries to claim it.
200
CHAPTER MYSTERY:When researchers play back sounds and vibrations from elephant groups living far from Etosha, the elephants in Etosha don’t always react. Why might this be the case?
Sample answer: Since the groups are separated by a long distance, they are probably not related and have developed some different signals to use in communication.
300
Insight learning is common among
primates
300
Describe an example of a stimulus and a corresponding response in animal behavior.
Sample answer: A dog turns its head in response to a noise.
300
Which of the following is NOT a type of social behavior? Operant Conditioning Territoriality Hunting in a pack Courtship
Operant Condition
300
What are pheromones? Give an example of how they are used.
Pheromones are chemical messengers that are released by an animal and affect the behavior of other animals of the same species. Pheromones are used to mark territories
300
CHAPTER MYSTERY: How do elephants’ responses to low-frequency vibrations in their environment affect their survival?
Elephants’ responses to low-frequency vibrations help them survive possible attack by predators by allowing them to leave an area before the predators arrive.
400
Many complex behaviors combine innate behavior with learning. Which of these behaviors is demonstrated by a baby ducklings following their mother. 
Imprinting
400
What is the brain’s role in an animal’s response to a stimulus?
Senses detect a stimulus and pass the information to the brain. The brain interprets the information and directs the body’s response.
400
A system of communication that uses meaningful sounds, symbols, or gestures according to specific rules is called
Language
400
What is kin selection?
Kin selection is a behavior in which individuals help relatives, with whom they share a large proportion of their genes. This behavior can improve the evolutionary fitness of the individual.
400
Choose a social behavior in an animal. Describe how the behavior represents a response to the environment that aids in the survival of the species.
Students will have a variety of answers that may include courtship, competition, aggression, communication, or territoriality. Answers should focus on how the behavior helps to garner resources, procure mates, protect young, and defend against predation.
500
Animal behaviors can evolve through natural selection because
genes that influence behavior that increases an individual’s fitness can be passed on to the next generation.
500
What is operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning occurs when an animal learns to behave in a certain way through practice, to receive a reward or avoid punishment.
500
Because a highway has been constructed through a forest, many of the animals that once lived there have had to move to a different wooded area. Is their move an example of migration? Explain your answer
No; migration is seasonal movement from one environment to another. The movement of these animals had nothing to do with changing seasons.
500
Although the members of many animal species derive benefits from living in social groups, members of other species live alone. What might be some of the advantages of solitary living?
Sample answer: Solitary animals have less competition for resources and are less conspicuous to predators.
500
How does defending a specific territory benefit an animal?
Defending a territory reduces competition for resources within the territory, such as food, water, and shelter, and helps to ensure survival for the one defending the area and its offspring.