Intro to Animal Cells
What is a cell?
The smallest working units of all living things.
Does the nucleus have a single membrane or a double membrane?
A double membrane.
What is the first & last step of mitosis?
1st-interphase- resting stage.
Last-interphase-cells divded.
What is genetics?
Blueprints of a living organism. One gene set from each parent. Sections of genes are called chromosomes. Sections of a chromosome are called alleles.
What is heredity?
Passing traits from parents to offspring.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A one-celled organism (bacteria).
Where is the nucleolus located?
Inside the nucleus.
What is the second step of mitosis?
Prophase-chromosome formation.
Who is Gregor Mendel?
Father of genetics. Figured out heritable elements are genes. Studied traits in peas - height, flower color, seed color, & seed shape. Discovered dominant and recessive traits, and 2 alleles were seperated during meiosis, leading to the eg or sperm carrying one allele.
What is a dominant trait? How is a dominant trait displayed?
Examples of dominant traits: black coat in Angus and Simmental cattle, horns in livestock, white belt in Hampshire pigs, & white face in Hereford cattle. Displayed as a upper-case letter in a Punnett Square.
What is a eukaryotic cell?
Most living organisms (plants & animals).
What is the cytosol
The watery "soup" of the cell surrounding the organelles.
What is the third step of mitosis?
Metaphase-chromsome alignment.
What is the genotype?
The genetic make-up, is observed through DNA sequencing, & information on alleles.
What is a recessive trait? How is a recessive trait displayed?
Examples of recessive traits: red coat in Angus and Simmental catle, polled livestock, albinism, & dwarfism. Represented with a lower-case letter in a Punnett Square.
What are organelles?
Subcellular structure with one or more functions withing the cell. & cellular version of an organ in a body.
What are lysosomes?
Vesicles filled with hydrolytic enzymes.
What is the fourth step of mitosis?
Anaphase-chromosome seperation.
What is the phenotype?
Physical traits: hair color, eye color, & eye size. Observed by looking at the organism.
What is homozygous?
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid, & the central storage of genetic information.
What is the cell membrane?
Encloses the cell, and allows communication between the inside and exterior via; pores that regulate iron flow (CA**, Na*, K*, & Cl*), and receptora that sense things such as odors, tastes, and hormones.
What is the fifth step of mitosis?
Telophase-cell division.
What are Punnett Squares?
Diagram used to predict geneotypes & phenotypes.
What is heterozygous?