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Characteristics of Animals
Stages of Development
Morphogenesis and Fertilization
Gastrulation and Cleavage
Animal Diversity
100

All animals are made of these types of cells that have membrane bound organelles

What is eukaryotic?

100
the process in which a sperm penetrates an egg forming a zygote
What is fertilization?
100
where does the sperm enter the egg?
What is the fallopian tube?
100
transforms the blastula into gastula, which has a primitive digestive cavity (archenteron)
What is gastrulation?
100

This is a period of rapid animal diversification

What is the Cambrian explosion?

200

Cell of animals are organized into this

What are tissues?

200
This step of development occurs after fertilization and before gastrulation
What is cleavage?
200
What ion must be in high concentration for the cortical reaction to occur?
What is calcium? (Ca +2)
200
Which stages of mitosis are often skipped during cleavage?
What is G1 and G2?
200

The evolution of Hox genes are believed to be what caused this

What is the decline of the Ediacaran biota and the rise rise of animal diversity in the Cambrian diversity?

300

Sponges are the exception

What are the only animal where the cells are organized into tissues

300
In what stage of development do organs of animal body develop to form specific portions of the 3 embryonic germ layers?
What is organogenesis?
300
What is the process by which an organism takes shape and the differentiated cells occupy their appropriate locations
What is morphogenesis?
300
Name the 3 embryonic germ layers
What is ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?
300

Morphological and molecular evidence indicate that these are the closest living relatives to animals

What are protists called choanoflagellates

400

This term describes animals that have 3 germ tissues and bilateral symmetry

What is tripoblastic?

400
the open space within the gastrula that forms during gastrulation. It is also a primitive digestive cavity
What is the archenteron?
400
Within seconds after sperm binds to the egg, vesicles called cortical granules fuse with the egg plasma membrane. This is called the ______ reaction.
What is cortical?
400
Name the two types of cleavage
What is Holoblastic and Meroblastic?
400
These organisms exhibit radial cleavage and have indeterminate development

What are deuterstomes?

500

These organisms lack connective tissue between their endoderm and mesoderm

What are pseudocoelomates?

500
Which of the body axes develops first in nonamniotes?
What is the anterior-posterior axis?
500
When head of sperm contacts the jelly coat of egg, molecules in egg's coat trigger ______ reactions in sperm
What is acrosomal?
500
The archenteron of the developing frog eventually develops into the ________.
What is digestive tract?
500

These organisms exhibit spiral cleavage and determinate development

What are protostomes?