Key Vocabulary
Define a zoonotic Disease
Why are we as animal scientists concerned with animal diseases?
Can impact animal health an welfare; Unhealthy animals experience pooor production outputs; Public health concerns
What is an antigen?
any substance capable of stimulating a
specific immune response
What are 3 key Acute symptoms of anthrax in Ruminants/ herbivores?
Abortions, Bloody discolored milk, small hemorrhages dispersed over the skin and/or mucous membranes
What does Acute mean?
Rapid onset, severe illness, but might not be
fatal (or kill the animal as quick)
What is a pathogen
a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease. They adapt to infect animals
What are the common classifications for helminths
Acanthocephalans(Thorny-Headed Worms); Cestodes (Tapeworm); Trematodes (Flukes); Nematodes (Roundworm)
What are the components of an immune response?
1) recognizing a potential foreign antigen
2) Activate/mobilize
3)Attack and Defend
4)Control and end attack
What organisms are affected by Pasteurella multocida
Bovine, ovine, Caprine, swine, Poultry, Rabbits
Diseases that Dr. Hoffman refer to as biological weapons
What is Brucellosis, Tularemia, and Anthrax, Coxiellosis(q fever)?
What is a causative agent
pathogens like Bacteria, Virus, Prion, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths
Basic components of a virus structurally
Proteins located outside of virus, Capsids, Envelope
T-cells and B-Cells: are they involved in innate or acquired immunity?
T cells and B cells are involved in acquired immunity
What organisms does anthrax affect?
Common: cattle, small ruminants, horses, camelids
What are the 5 viral clasifications?
.1. The nature of the genome (RNA or DNA) and the form in which it is
present, i.e. as a single or a double strand, in positive or negative
sense, linear or circular, segmented or continuous; also the
arrangement of genes on the nucleic acid is important for the
definition of individual families.
2.The symmetry form of the capsids.
3.The presence of an envelope.
4.The size of the virion.
5.The site of viral replication within the cell (cytoplasm or nucleus).
Define what Anerobic and Aerobic mean
Anaerobic is without oxygen and Aerobic is with oxygen
Can a protozoa form a cyst? how do they interact with the digestive tract
Yes Can form Cysts
Can interfere with digestion or absorption of nutrition -->Can destroy cells when feeding, cause organ dysfunction or life threatening consequences
What are the 2 pros and 2 cons of the different vaccine types (modified live vs non-living vaccines)?
pros of modified live vaccines: Creates the best immune response;Triggers cytotoxic t-cells;Cell mediated response; Can infect the host and grow brief Can not cause the disease
Con of modified live vaccines: Can revert to virulent
Pro of non living Vaccines: Less expensive, safer,
Con of non living Vaccines: do not stimulate as strong of an immune response
as modified live vaccines;Antibody mediated response ;Require multiple doses or adjuvants
List all the Zoonotic diseases discussed in class
What is E-coli, Salmonella,Listria, Campylobacter, Botulism, Anthrax, Tuberculosis(M.bovis),Pasteurella multocida, Tularemia, Coxiellosis(q fever),Brucellosis?
Acquired vs innate immunity
innate: does not require previous exposure to the foreign particle or infectious agent; immediate response; first line of defense selective but non-antigen specific gate keeper of adaptive immunity
Acquired :takes time to develope; antigen specific memory
Describe the difference between a Prion vs Helminths
Prion: Proteinaceous infectious particles -> Infectious proteins-> No DNA or RNA Will accumulate in cells
Helminths: worms/ multicellular organisms
How can bacteria be characterized by
a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles.
Why is determining self vs non-self important with regards to the immune system?
Can be problematic in the case of organ or tissue transplants as well as blood transfusions ;Autoimmune diseases: attack self
How is Pasteurella multocida transmited?
Contaminated water supply/feed; Mechanical transmission; Via other animal reservoirs; Bite wounds, licks, scratches
What are the common vectors of Tularemia?
Deer flies,Lone star ticks, American Dog Tick, Wood Tick