Porifera, Cnidaria, and Ctenophora
Which phyla has tissue for their tissue level?
Cnidarians and Ctenophores
What does metamerism mean?
Body composed of repeated components separated by septa.
Is the phylum Mollusca the most diverse phylum?
No the phylum Arthropoda is.
What kind of behaviour do arthropods tend to have?
Eusociality = true social behaviour
Are Echinoderms deuterostomes or protostomes?
Deuterostomes
How do sponges reproduce sexually?
Sperm from the choanocytes released into the water and taken in by another sponge.
Do annelids in order Clitellata have separate sexes?
No they are all hermaphroditic (monoecious)
What are the two main parts that make a mollusc a mollusc?
-Head-Foot
-Visceral Mass
What does ecdysis mean?
moulting
What class are sea urchins a part of?
Class Echinoidea
What are sponges' "skeletons" made up of?
Collagen fibres in all sponges
- Some have specific collagen fibres called spongin
Spicules
Name two of the defining annelid features and explain what they are.
Setae/Chaetae
-Chitinous, epidermal bristles
-Helps with locomotion
-Leeches do not carry this feature
Parapodia
-Paddle-like "feet"
-Mainly in marine groups
Which class has no head or radula?
Class Bivalvia.
What is their exoskeleton usually made of?
Chitin
What is a major difference between Echinoderms and other phyla?
The fact that they have a water vascular system and they are pentaradial
What is the symmetry for Poriferans, Cnidarians, and Ctenophores?
-Poriferans = Asymmetric
- Cnidarians = Radial
- Ctenophores = Bi-radial
How does locomotion work for Annelids?
The coelom is filled with fluid and serves as a hydrostatic skeleton. The contraction of the longitudinal muscles causes body to shorten and expand. The contraction of circular muscles causes body to narrow and lengthen. These alternative contractions of different muscles is called peristalsis and allows annelids to move.
Name 3 connections between us and molluscs.
-Food
-Pearls & Shells
-Bioindicators
-Pests
-Medical Importance
What is tagmata?
-Head, thorax, and abdomen
What are the effects of the sea star wasting disease?
White lesions and their water vascular system stops working = fragmentation = death.
Associated with warmer temperatures and densovirus
Cnidarians are diploblastic with 3 "layers". Name those three layers
- Gastrodermis
-Epidermis
-Mesoglea
How are annelids from the family Hirudinidae flattened?
Dorso-ventrally
What's the difference torsion and coiling?
- Torsion= 180 degree rotation of the mantle/mantle cavity
- Coiling= Whorling of the shell
What kinds of development do arthropods undergo?
-Moult between each stage
-Most holometabolous (complete) metamorphosis
-Few undergo hemimetabolous (incomplete) metamorphosis
-Few undergo direct development
Name 4 defining features of Echinoderms?
- Pentaradial
- Calcareous Endoskeleton
-Water Vascular System
-Pedicellariae