General Features
This kingdom is multicellular and obtains energy by ingesting other organisms.
What is the Animal Kingdom?
Animal cells lack this rigid structure found in plants.
What are cell walls?
Most animals are in this state, meaning two sets of chromosomes in somatic cells.
What is diploid?
Animals are said to be this (share a single common ancestor).
What is monophyletic?
Animals with two germ layers (ectoderm + endoderm) are called this.
What are diploblasts?
Animals break down food internally rather than externally.
What is internal digestion?
This tissue type covers, lines, protects and secretes.
What is epithelial tissue?
Gametes (egg and sperm) are in this state.
What is haploid?
The “sponges first” hypothesis is supported because sponges share feeding-cell morphology with these protists.
What are choanoflagellates?
Animals with three germ layers (adding mesoderm) are called this.
What are triploblasts?
Most animals move actively and in more complex ways than plants or fungi.
What is active movement?
This tissue type is responsible for coordination and movement (e.g., brain and nerves).
What is nervous tissue?
This type of reproduction involves an unfertilized egg developing into an offspring.
What is parthenogenesis?
The name of the assemblage of weird Precambrian soft-bodied fossils in South Australia.
What is the Ediacara (or Ediacaran) fauna?
In triploblasts, mesoderm gives rise to muscle, circulatory system and these internal structures.
What are organs/internal structures (bones, most organs)?
The morphology of an animal is determined by this developmental pattern or blueprint.
What is a body-plan?
Connective tissues have cells embedded in this extracellular component.
What is extracellular matrix?
This type of reproduction or development often seen in social insects features males that are haploid.
What is haplodiploidy?
The rapid rise in animal diversity ~541 million years ago is called this.
What is the Cambrian Explosion?
Animals with a single plane of symmetry and distinct head/tail end exhibit this type of body symmetry.
What is bilateral symmetry?
Most animals reproduce this way and pass through developmental stages.
What is sexual reproduction?
This tissue powers locomotion in animals.
What is muscle tissue?
When an organism buds off a new individual or fragments into two, that is called this form of asexual reproduction.
What is budding/fragmentation?
Shallow seas, rising oxygen, predator-prey escalation, and Hox gene innovations are all proposed drivers of this event.
What is the Cambrian Explosion of animal life?
The nervous system in bilaterally symmetrical animals evolves along with the concentration of sensory organs in the head — this process is called this.
What is cephalization?