Tissues
The four main types of tissues are:
Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous
What is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
Anatomy is the study of the biological form of an organism while physiology is the study of the biological functions an organism performs.
Define homeostasis
The mechanism through which some organisms maintain a “steady state” or internal balance regardless of the external environment
Where is water absorbed in the digestive system?
Large intestine
Interstitial fluid is...
the liquid content that fills the spaces between cells, allows for the movement of material into/out of cells.
Compare and contrast the relationship between an animal's body mass and surface area.
The larger an organism gets, the less surface area it has compared its mass --> Smaller animals have a closer surface area to volume ratio.
What role does a stimulus play in homeostasis?
A stimulus triggers a response from the regulatory mechanisms
_____ protects the stomach lining from gastric juice which is made up of hydrochloric acid and the enzyme called _______.
Mucus, pepsin
Smooth muscle tissue is responsible for...
Involuntary body activities.
Compare and contrast a regulator vs a conformer
A regulator maintains a stable internal environment regardless or internal conditions.
A conformer allows its internal condition to vary with external changes
Name 3 internal levels that humans regulate via homeostasis
Body temperature, blood pH, and glucose concentration
Describe peristalsis and the mechanism of regulating the movement of material between compartments (stomach/esophagus, stomach/intestines).
peristalsis is the rhythmic contractions of muscles in the walls of the esophagus to push food along. Regulation is performed with sphincters.
The role of fibroplasts (found in connective tissue) is...
to secrete the proteins of extracellular fibers
What is the difference between the role of neurons vs glial cells?
Neurons are cells that transmit nerve impulses while glial cells are the cells that nourish, insulate and replenish the neurons.
How does a set point help an organism maintain homeostasis?
Fluctuations above or below the set point trigger a response to help return internal levels to the set point.
List the essential elements (6):
Essential amino acids
Essential fatty acids
Minerals
vitamins
Water
Carbohydrates
To stores fat for insulation and fuel
Contrast loose connective tissue vs fibrous connective tissue.
Loose connective tissue binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place.
Fibrous connective tissue is found in tendons, which attach muscles to bones, and ligaments, which connect bones at joints.
A stimulus is detected by a receptor. Changes are interpreted by an integrator that sets the appropriate effector in motion. The effector then returns the body levels to normal.
The digestive system has a huge surface due to: (3)
plicae circulares (folds)
Villi
Microvilli