1. Animal Physiology has evolved
5. Structure both constrains and enables function
6. There are levels of organization in animals which have different properties
8. Animals obtain matter/energy from the environment and transform it into useful forms
9. Animals maintain internal homeostasis
10. Tradeoffs- its impossible to be good at everything
250
One of the potential hypothesis's for why animals evolved the ability to sleep that involves protection from a predator.
What is the preservation sleep hypothesis
250
When BLANK is covering the actin binding sites, calcium can be used to bind to troponin to move it out of the way.
What is tropomyosin
250
The type of nervous system responsible for the fight, flight, and freeze responses?
What is the sympathetic nervous system
250
When BLANK binds to myosin, it changes the myosin head conformation from perpendicular to parallel
What is ATP
250
The mammal we discussed in class that is a homeothermic ectotherm
What is a naked mole rat
250
This is one of the five finite resources we talked about in class
What is energy OR macronutrients OR micronutrients OR time OR space
500
Professor Bowlin's hypothesis for why birds evolved unidirectional flow of air throughout their lungs
What is geometry OR what is size and efficiency
500
Larger animals have smaller BLANK metabolic rates than smaller animals even though smaller animals have a higher overall metabolic rate
What is mass specific metabolic rate?
500
The terms electrical and chemical describe the two types of BLANK
What are synapses
500
An animal will only want to eat this type of macromolecule if it wants ONLY energy as a resource
What are lipids
500
This is the counterevidence for homeostatic regulation (one of the principles needed for an action to be defined as sleep that describes how the body maintains a homeostatic set point for sleep)
What is full amount of sleep is not necessarily regained
500
This is the tradeoff that involves either using energy to regulate your own body heat or using the environment for your source of heat
What is endothermy vs ectothermy
750
The reduction in metabolism that animals have evolved in which they have loss of motion and feeling, reducing their overall energy expenditure?
What is Torpor
750
The type of scaling used to measure metabolism
What is allometric scaling
750
This type of digestion involves the teeth, gizzard, and the stomach
What is mechanical breakdown
750
A sprinter needs to produce atp through this specific type of metabolism
What is anerobic metabolism
750
In the acute response of an endotherm, this process lowers the far left side of the "wheelbarrow"
What is shivering
750
In tradeoffs, these are the two possibilities we can see happen on a plot of resource 1 vs resource 2
What is selected against and impossible
1000
A genetically controlled trait that through the process of natural selection has come to present at high frequency in a population because it confers a greater probability of survival and successful reproduction
What is an adaptation
1000
The two explanations for allometric metabolic rate scaling. Must have both explanations.
What is surface area to volume ratio AND internal transport system geometry
1000
This muscle type includes cardiac muscles
What is striated/striped muscles
1000
The two ultimate goals of feeding (must have both goals)
What is obtaining energy AND obtaining chemical building blocks to replace structures in the body
1000
The multiple forms of one enzyme that each has a different optimal temperature
What is an isozyme
1000
This is the tradeoff that involves the amount of blood that an animal has and the energy it uses to maintain its circulatory system.
What is the open vs closed circulatory system