animals
what are the three things that all animals have in common?
multicellularity, heterotrophy, and motility
what are the two subgroups of protostomes?
lophotroczan and ecodoyzan
what group has a water vascular system?
echinoderms
what structure evolved into the spinal cord?
dorsal hollow nerve cord
what is the most ancient species of mammals?
monotromes
what is the difference between radial and bilateral symmetry?
Radial symmetry means an organism can be divided into equal halves along any plane passing through a central axis, like a starfish or flower, while bilateral symmetry means only one plane can divide it into mirror-image halves, like a human or butterfly
what group of lophotrochzan lack a coelom?
flatworms
what are the four morphological traits of all chordates?
pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notocord, and a muscular tail
which vertebrate group contains the most species?
ray-finned fishes
what are the four main types of tissue in the human body?
epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
Which two animal groups are diploblastic?
Cnidaria (e.g., jellyfish, corals, sea anemones) and Ctenophora (comb jellies)
what is the scientific name for roundworms?
what are urochordates?
sea squirts
this group of vertebrates live on land as adults but lay their eggs in water
amphibians
hypothalamus
How do animals differ from fungi?
animals ingest food internally, lack cell walls, and are generally capable of movement, while fungi digest food externally, possess cell walls made of chitin, and are largely immobile
what are the three major components for the mollusk body plan?
the foot, the visceral mass, and the mantle
what are the six vertebrate innovations?
vertebrate jaw, tetrapod limb, amnionic egg, placenta, parental care, and wings and flight
Which chordate group is the most primitive?
lancelets
what are the functions of blood?
transport, regulation, and protection
Define endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm
endoderm- inside skin
mesoderm- middle skin
ectoderm- outside skin
which group within the protostomes does not have tissues?
sponges
what groups of deuterostomes have four limbs? (hint: theres 3)
tetrapods, reptiles (with birds), and mammals
are all reptiles cold-blooded oor warm-blooded?
neither- because birds are considered reptiles and they are warm blooded where as all other reptiles are cold blooded
pulmonary v. systemic circuit
pulmonary- blood flow from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
systemic- blood flows from the heart to the body tissues then back to the heart