Animal Systems II

Nervous

100

Each type of these is responsive to a very specific stimulus, like light or heat

sensory neuron

200

when cerebral ganglia are very concentrated and organized in one area of the body and can direct the entire organism, they are called this

brain

300

List the 5 parts of the typical vertebrate brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, optic lobe, olfactory bulb

400

all mammals are able to hear and turn sound into brain waves to be interpreted, but some animals, like bats and dolphins, have an extra ability that allows them to hear using echoes, called this

echolocation

500

Flatworms have nerve nets to serve as their sensory system, with these collections of interneurons at one end of their bodies to help with processing

ganglia

Skeletal/Muscle

100

list the 3 types of skeletons

exo, endo, hydrostatic

200

this part of the skeleton is what ACTUALLY allows for the movements animals need to make

joints

300

no matter the type of skeleton an animal has, they ALL must have these additional structures to actually move!

muscles

400

Exoskeletons are made of these two materials, which allow different animals to be waterproof and protected

chitin

calcium carbonate

500

Muscles are always found in pairs or groups around joints for this reason

muscles can only contract in one direction, it needs another muscle to stretch it back into position

Reproduction

100

this kind of reproduction only requires one parent and can reproduce quickly, but does not have as much genetic diversity due to being genetically identical

asexual reproduction

200

some animals, like sponges, crabs, reptiles, birds, and mammals, do this pattern of reproduction where sperm is brought into the female's body to meet the eggs

internal fertilization

300

During the Aurelia jellyfish's life, it uses meiosis as an adult to produce gametes, and uses this to reproduce asexually. (It is also used to help it grow from a young medusa to an adult medusa!)

mitosis

400

Compared to oviparous animals, whose embryos develop in eggs, the embryos of these types of animals develop inside their mothers

viviparous

500

Which of these animals does NOT participate in external fertilization:

- corals      - worms     - amphibians   - birds

birds

Homeostasis

100

this special organ system helps with fighting illness and diseases; its cells can recognize pathogens as 'invaders'

immune system

200

this type of animal can regulate its own body temperature and produce its own heat

endotherm

300

this particular body structure helps to maintain homeostasis by controlling the release of hormones throughout the body

endocrine glands

400

what is a disadvantage to being an ectotherm?

lack body insulation (lose heat to environment)

hard to get warm

500

according to evolutionary scientists, this type of temperature control 'evolved' first

ectotherms

(cold-blooded)

Miscellaneous

100

this neuron is responsible for directing any responses or movements to the appropriate tissues

motor

200

this advantage of terrestrial animals likes reptiles and mammals allow them to have eggs that can survive without water

amniotic eggs

300

as opposed to having to molt, animals with an endoskeleton have this advantage (along with their skeleton being comparatively light)

it grows with them

400

this part of the vertebrate brain is the lowest, and is responsible for controlling important organ functions like the brain and lungs

medulla oblongota

500

asexual reproduction where a female can produce an embryo from an unfertilized egg is called this

parthenogenesis