RANGE OF MOTION
The approximate normal range of motion for ankle dorsiflexion.
What is 20 degrees?
The talocrural joint is best described by this structural joint classification.
What is a hinge joint?
Mostly dorsiflexion and plantar flexion occur at this joint.
What is the ankle joint (talocrural joint)?
Motion limited by the lateral ankle complex.
What is inversion?
Bone just proximal to the first metatarsal.
What is the 1st (medial) cuneiform?
The approximate normal range of motion for ankle plantar flexion.
What is 30-50 degrees?
The joint formed by the articulation of the talus and the calcaneus.
What is the subtalar joint?
Mostly inversion and eversion occur at these joints.
What are the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints?
The ligament located on the medial side of the ankle that resists eversion.
What is the deltoid ligament?
During open‑kinetic‑chain dorsiflexion, the talus rolls anteriorly and glides this direction.
What is posteriorly?
With the knee extended, limitation in dorsiflexion is primarily due to tightness in this muscle.
What is the gastrocnemius?
Articulation of the anterior surfaces of the talus and calcaneus and the posterior surfaces of the navicular and the cuboid.
What is the transverse tarsal joint (Midtarsal Joint)?
The three combined motions of supination.
What is plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction?
The ligament that supports the medial longitudinal arch and attaches to the navicular.
What is the spring ligament?
Postural deviation that describes when the distal end of the calcaneus angles toward midline
What is calcaneal varus?
The MTP joint with the greatest mobility in the foot.
What is the first MTP joint?
The joint that separates the hindfoot from the midfoot.
What is the transverse tarsal joint?
During dorsiflexion, the foot not only moves upward but also slightly moves in this direction.
What is laterally (abduction)?
Attaches to calcaneus; Runs forward to the cuboid and bases of metatarsals 3-5; supports the lateral longitudinal arch
What is the long plantar ligament?
The bone that serves as the keystone of the medial longitudinal arch.
What is the talus?
The minimum amount of ankle dorsiflexion required for normal, non‑deviated ambulation.
What is 10 degrees?
The structure of the distal tibiofibular joint.
What is syndesmosis? (ligamentous)
Lateral rotation of the tibia is linked this motion at the subtalar joint.
What is inversion?
These muscles provide dynamic support to the medial longitudinal arch when active.
What are tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus?
This structure creates the tarsal tunnel under which pass the tendons of tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus.
What is the flexor retinaculum?