1
what percentage of the general population has foot problems?
80%
what is a shepards fracture?
fracture of the lateral tubercle of the talus
what is the average fick angle in children and adults?
children = 5
adults = 12-18
what kind of asymmetry is present when foot is in neutral?
anatomical/structural asymmetry
a person who supinates or has rearfoot varus might develop what deformity?
haglund deformity / pump bump
what joints are part of the hindfoot?
tibiofibular joint, talocrural joint, subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
what is the chopart joint?
joint between the talus-calcaneus and navicular-cuboid
what is the lisfranc joint?
from cuboid and 3 cuneiforms out to the metatarsals
T/F: ottowa ankle rules apply to everyone regardless of age
false = they don't apply to people under 18
what is polydactyly and syndactyly
polydactyly = extra toe
syndactyly = webbing og 2nd and 3rd toe
what are the 3 functions of the lower leg/foot/ankle?
impact absorption and adaptation to uneven surfaces
propulsion
support
cervical = talus and calcaneus
bifurcated = calcaneus to cuboid and navicular
how much weight is taken on by the heel compared to the metatarsal heads in normal standing?
heel = 50-60%
met heads = 40-50%
what is rockerbottom foot?
rigid flat foot with rocker bottom caused by a congenitive vertical talus
what is the windlass effect?
plantar fascia gets pulled tight and pulls up arch when up on toes
what is sinus tarsi syndrome? what can cause it?
persistent pain in the cavity
compression injury or lower ankle sprain - can end up with synovial fluid in that space
what would happen with a dorsiflexion injury accompanied by a snapping and pain on the lateral aspect that rapidly diminishes?
tear of peroneal retinaculum
explain index plus, index minus, and index plus/minus
index plus = first met is the longest
index minus = second met is the longest
index plus/minus = first met & second met are equal
how much body weight is loaded during walking, running, and jumping?
walking = 1.2x
running = 2x
jumping = 5x
what muscles maintain the transverse arch?
tib posterior, tib anterior, and peroneus longus (and plantar fascia)
explain mallet vs hammer vs claw toe and who is more likely to get each
mallet = flexed at dip ; soccer players
hammer = flexed at pip ; mortons foot
claw = flexed at dip & pip, mtp joint is extended ; supinators
on a normal foot where is the greatest wear on the shoe?
beneath the ball of foot and slightly to the lateral side and posterolateral aspect of the heel
what nerve innervates all motor down the back of the leg except the short head of the biceps femoris? what nerve innervated the short head of the biceps femoris?
all other motor = tibial
biceps femoris = common peronealwhat is normal plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, supination, and pronation degrees?
plantarflexion = 50
dorsiflexion = 20
supination = 45 - 60
pronation = 15 - 30
what is the loose and close packed position of the midfoot? what is the capsular pattern?
loose = midway between extreme ROM
close = supination
capsular = dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, adduction medial rotation