Function
Gastrocnemius
Plantar flexion of the foot
Gastrocnemius
Posterior side of the lower leg.
Ingrown Toenail
poor trimming of toenails
Player trips on a bump, and twists ankle inward. H? O? P? S?
H-History
a gentle but firm compression is applied to the heel, which transmits force through the ankle.
Bump Test
Extensor hallucis longus
Extension of the big toe
Soleus
In the calf of the leg, under the gastrocnemius. Posterior side of the leg.
Stress Fracture
repetitive stress (chronic)
Feels lumpy, and tender to the touch. Very affected and damage felt on skin. H? O? P? S?
P- Palpation
examines the integrity of the Achilles tendon by squeezing the calf.
thompsons test
Peroneus Tertius
Eversion of the foot
Peroneus Longus
Lateral side of the fibula bone
Turf Toe
Pushing off excessively
There is some bruising in the back of the knee. There is also anterior swelling, but no obvious deformity.
O- Observation
a set of knee and lower leg movements healthcare providers use to diagnose ACL tears.
Anterior Drawer Test
Soleus
Plantar flexion of the foot.
Flexor hallucis brevis
Medial side of the base to the first metatarsal bone in the foot
Achilles Tendon Rupture
chronic tendonitis, forceful ballistic jumping or change in direction
Sarah’s range of motion is: active knee flexion is lacking 10 degrees on the left side. You test Sarah’s strength and her left quadriceps are much weaker (3/5) than her right (5/5). Her hamstrings are 4/5 on the left side and 5/5 on the right. She has a + posterior drawer and a – lachman's test.
S- Special Tests
The foot is positioned in 10-20 degrees of plantarflexion. The distal lower leg is stabilized with one hand just proximal to the malleloi and the hindfoot is inverted with the other hand.
Talar Tilt Test
Tibialis Anterior
Dorsiflexion of the foot
Tibialis Anterior
Anterior side of the lower leg
Medial Tibial stress Syndrome
overuse and lack of stretching, change in surfaces
Sarah says that this pain started yesterday after her foot got stuck in a hole while running and her knee hyperextended (got forced past extension). Sarah claims that she has hyperextended her left knee twice before. She rates her pain as a 5/10. Sarah says that when she puts weight on her knee it hurts and feels wobbly. Sometimes she feels like her knee is going to give up when she stands up after sitting down for a long time. She has pain when she flexes her knee
H- History
The examiner stabilizes the lower leg with one hand, and the other hand grasps the medial aspect of the foot while supporting the ankle in a neutral position. The foot is externally rotated and dorsiflexed to stress the syndesmosis or the deltoid ligament.
kleigers test