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It's all about BUFFERS!
Normal ABG Values
Equilibrium Efforts
Causes and Effects
Interpretation-1,2,3!
100
Carbonic acid is exhaled in the form of carbon dioxide and water.
What is "how are the lungs used as a buffer in the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system"
100
7.35 to 7.45
What is the normal range for pH of the arterial blood
100
The body's efforts to keep arterial pH between 7.35 and 7.45
What is compensation?
100
Tissue anoxia, starvation, aspirin overdose, or prolonged diarrhea are frequent causes of this abnormality.
What is metabolic acidosis.
100
pH 7.27 PaCO2 53 mm Hg HCO3 24 mEq/L
What is uncompensated respiratory acidosis
200
Act in minutes to exhale or retain CO2.
What are the lungs?
200
22 to 26 mEq/L
What is the normal range for HCO3 in arterial blood.
200
This occurs when the pH is normal and both the PaCO2 and the HCO3 are abnormal.
What is FULL compensation.
200
Vomiting, gastric suction, hypokalemia, and excessive intake of antacids are common etiologies leading to this abnormality
What is metabolic alkalosis
200
pH 7.35 PaCO2 28 HCO3 16 mEq/L
What is compensated metabolic acidosis
300
Act in hours to days to retain or excrete HCO3 or H+
What are the kidneys
300
35 to 45 mmHg
What is the normal range for PaCO2
300
This occurs with an abnormal pH, abnormal PaCO2, and an abnormal HCO3
What is PARTIAL compensation?
300
Circumoral paresthesias, lightheadedness, and seizures are clinical manifestations of this abnormality
What is respiratory alkalosis
300
pH 7.30 PaCO2 30 mm HG HCO3 14 mE/L
What is uncompensated metabolic acidosis
400
The production and combination of these molecules comprise the major buffer system of the body.
What is carbonic acid and bicarbonate.
400
80 to 100 mm Hg.
What is the normal range of PaO2
400
This is an important nursing intervention for the most common etiology of respiratory alkalosis.
What is reduce patient's anxiety.
400
A patient presents to the ED after a narcotic overdose. The nurse anticipates this acid-base disturbance.
What is respiratory acidosis
400
pH 7.6 PaCO2 37 mm Hg HCO3 35 mEq/L
What is uncompensated metabolic alkalosis
500
Carbon dioxide in the blood becomes this.
What is carbonic acid
500
This is used as an indicator of the degree of metabolic disturbance. Normally +or - 2.
What is base excess
500
Acidosis contributes to hyperkalemia through this mechanism.
What is the shift of H+ ions into the cell in exchange for K+ ions.
500
The nurse is concerned about which acid-base disturbance in the patient being suctioned?
What is respiratory alkalosis
500
pH 7.43 PaCO2 25 HCO3 22 mEq/L
What is compensated respiratory alkalosis