what is ergosterol? and how and what does it convert into?
ergosterol is a steroid found in plants. Its exposure to UV light converts it to ergocalciferol (D2).
100
T/F? Fluoride is the 15th most common mineral in the body
False- its only found in trace amounts.
100
Functions of Water in the Body
serves as a solvent in the body (except fats)
carries nutrients and waste products
participates in chemical reactions
acts as a lubricant and shock absorber (joints, eyes, spinal cord, uterus)
body temperature regulation
blood volume
200
one international unit (IU) or USP unit of vitamin D = ? D3
0.025 µg of Vitamin D3
200
Functions of Phosphorus
Functions
RNA/DNA synthesis
ATP synthesis and function
phospholipids
200
What is intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid
intracellular fluid – fluid within the cell, high concentrations of potassium and phosphate
extracellular fluid – fluid that bathes the cells, high concentrations of sodium and chloride
300
Vitamin D Deficiency in Humans causes?
rickets and osteomalacia
300
What does Fluoride do in teeth?
replaces the hyroxyl (OH) portion of hydroxyapatite in teeth to form fluorapatite which is much harder.
300
4 types of Tonicity?
Osmolarity
isotonic .
hypertonic
hypotonic
400
Calcium (Ca)- Functions?
What is Structural element of bones and teeth
Regulation of enzymes – hydrolytic
Calcium binding proteins
Blood clotting proteins
Nerve impulse transmission
Muscle contraction
Second messenger signaling
400
Toxicity of Fluoride?
fluorosis – discoloration of teeth due to high F intake
can occur in animals as well as humans
400
Medical symptoms of Water intoxication?
Confusion, headache, fatigue, nausea, convulsions, coma and eventual death can occur
Rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia may cause brain edema and seizures
500
CA and Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis
Mineralization occurs through 20s
After 30 – demineralization of trabecular zone
After 40 – demineralization of cortical area
Post menapausal women mobilize Ca at increased rates
500
Phosphorus toxicity causes?
Increased Ca excretion in urine
Suboptimal mineralization of bones
Kidney stones
Chronic renal failure
500
Hormones invloved in Water Balance Regulation in Mammals